% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Zb:285583,
      author       = {Š. Zbýň and K. D. Ludwig and L. E. Watkins and R. L.
                      Lagore and A. Nowacki and F. Tóth and M. A. Tompkins and L.
                      Zhang and G. Adriany and G. E. Gold and K. G. Shea and A.
                      Nagel$^*$ and C. S. Carlson and G. J. Metzger and J. M.
                      Ellermann},
      title        = {{C}hanges in tissue sodium concentration and sodium
                      relaxation times during the maturation of human knee
                      cartilage: {E}x vivo 23 {N}a {MRI} study at 10.5 {T}.},
      journal      = {Magnetic resonance in medicine},
      volume       = {91},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1522-2594},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2023-02445},
      pages        = {1099-1114},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {2024 Mar;91(3):1099-1114},
      abstract     = {To evaluate the influence of skeletal maturation on sodium
                      (23 Na) MRI relaxation parameters and the accuracy of tissue
                      sodium concentration (TSC) quantification in human knee
                      cartilage.Twelve pediatric knee specimens were imaged with
                      whole-body 10.5 T MRI using a density-adapted 3D radial
                      projection sequence to evaluate 23 Na parameters: B1 + , T1
                      , biexponential T 2 * $$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ , and
                      TSC. Water, collagen, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG)
                      content were calculated from osteochondral biopsies. The TSC
                      was corrected for B1 + , relaxation, and water content. The
                      literature-based TSC (TSCLB ) used previously published
                      values for corrections, whereas the specimen-specific TSC
                      (TSCSP ) used measurements from individual specimens. 23 Na
                      parameters were evaluated in eight cartilage compartments
                      segmented on proton images. Associations between 23 Na
                      parameters, TSCLB - TSCSP difference, biochemical content,
                      and age were determined.From birth to 12 years, cartilage
                      water content decreased by 18\%; collagen increased by 59\%;
                      and sGAG decreased by 36\% (all R2 ≥ 0.557). The short T 2
                      * $$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ ( T 2 * S $$
                      {{\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$ ) decreased by 72\%,
                      and the signal fraction relaxing with T 2 * S $$
                      {{\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$ ( fT 2 * S $$
                      {{\mathrm{fT}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$ ) increased by 55\%
                      during the first 5 years but remained relatively stable
                      after that. TSCSP was significantly correlated with sGAG
                      content from biopsies (R2 = 0.739). Depending on age, TSCLB
                      showed higher or lower values than TSCSP . The TSCLB - TSCSP
                      difference was significantly correlated with T 2 * S $$
                      {{\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$ (R2 = 0.850), fT 2 *
                      S $$ {{\mathrm{fT}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$ (R2 = 0.651),
                      and water content (R2 = 0.738).TSC and relaxation parameters
                      measured with 23 Na MRI provide noninvasive information
                      about changes in sGAG content and collagen matrix during
                      cartilage maturation. Cartilage TSC quantification assuming
                      fixed relaxation may be feasible in children older than 5
                      years.},
      keywords     = {10.5 T (Other) / 23Na relaxation parameters (Other) /
                      biochemical composition of cartilage (Other) / knee
                      cartilage maturation (Other) / sodium (23Na) MRI (Other) /
                      tissue sodium concentration (Other)},
      cin          = {E020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:37997011},
      doi          = {DOI:10.1002/mrm.29930},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/285583},
}