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@INBOOK{Opalka:289273,
      author       = {L. Opalka and L. Schlicker$^*$ and R. Sandhoff$^*$},
      title        = {{S}phingolipids},
      address      = {Weinheim},
      publisher    = {Wiley‐VCH GmbH},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2024-00674},
      pages        = {425-480},
      year         = {2023},
      comment      = {Mass Spectrometry for Lipidomics: Methods and Applications},
      booktitle     = {Mass Spectrometry for Lipidomics:
                       Methods and Applications},
      abstract     = {The core building block of sphingolipids is a sphingoid
                      base, which is derived from the condensation of an amino
                      acid, normally serine, with a coenzyme A-activated acyl
                      chain, in most cases palmitoyl-CoA. The first step of de
                      novo sphingolipid biosynthesis is catalyzed by the pyridoxal
                      5′-phosphate ( PLP )-dependent enzyme serine
                      palmitoyltransferase ( SPT ), a water-soluble enzyme in
                      bacteria, but membrane-bound in eukaryotes. In humans, SPT
                      is composed of two large (SPTLC1/SPTLC2 or SPTLC1/SPTLC3)
                      and a small subunit (SPTSSA or SPTSSB), and this composition
                      is tissue and age dependent. Depending on the organism, SPT
                      composition and substrate availability sphingoid bases of
                      various chain lengths (straight, iso-, or anteiso-branched)
                      will be produced which are further modified by the cellular
                      metabolism. Modifications include addition of cis and trans
                      double bonds, hydroxyl groups and methyl groups, attachment
                      of various acyl chains at the 2-amino group forming
                      “ceramides,” and addition of phosphate, choline,
                      ethanolamine, various glycans, or phosphoinositol(glycan)s,
                      and a second acyl chain at the 1-hydroxyl group.
                      Combinatorial biochemistry thus will allow synthesis of
                      several tens of thousands of amphiphilic lipophilic
                      compounds, some of them more lipophilic like 1- O
                      -acylceramides and some quite polar like sphingosine
                      1-phosphate or complex gangliosides. One example of high
                      complexity is human skin with an estimated composition of
                      thousands of ceramide structures. All these compounds serve
                      structure-specific but also cell- and tissue-specific
                      functions, which depend on a well-balanced cell-dependent
                      sphingolipid metabolism and turnover. Here we focus on
                      mammalian sphingolipids. While following their metabolic
                      pathways, we will introduce the individual sphingolipid
                      classes and discuss, how to analyze and differentiate all
                      these sometimes structurally similar or isobaric species.
                      Furthermore, we focus on the most common ionization
                      techniques and the analysis of non-modified compounds.},
      organization  = {(Germany)},
      cin          = {A411},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)A411-20160331},
      pnm          = {311 - Zellbiologie und Tumorbiologie (POF4-311)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-311},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)8 / PUB:(DE-HGF)7},
      doi          = {10.1002/9783527836512.ch15},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/289273},
}