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@ARTICLE{Singini:289286,
      author       = {M. G. Singini and M. Muchengeti and F. Sitas and W. C. Chen
                      and J.-D. Combes and T. Waterboer$^*$ and G. M. Clifford},
      title        = {{A}ntibodies against high-risk human papillomavirus
                      proteins as markers for noncervical {HPV}-related cancers in
                      a {B}lack {S}outh {A}frican population, according to {HIV}
                      status.},
      journal      = {International journal of cancer},
      volume       = {155},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {0020-7136},
      address      = {Bognor Regis},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2024-00681},
      pages        = {251-260},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {2024 Jul 15;155(2):251-260},
      abstract     = {Human papillomavirus (HPV) proteins may elicit antibody
                      responses in the process toward HPV-related malignancy.
                      However, HPV seroepidemiology in noncervical HPV-related
                      cancers remains poorly understood, particularly in
                      populations with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency
                      virus (HIV). Using a glutathione S-transferase-based
                      multiplex serology assay, antibodies against E6, E7 and L1
                      proteins of HPV16 and HPV18 were measured in sera of 535
                      cases of noncervical HPV-related cancers (anal (n = 104),
                      vulval (n = 211), vaginal (n = 49), penile (n = 37) and
                      oropharyngeal (n = 134)) and 6651 non-infection-related
                      cancer controls, from the Johannesburg Cancer Study that
                      recruited Black South African with newly diagnosed cancer
                      between 1995 and 2016. Logistic and Poisson regression
                      models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and
                      prevalence ratios (aPR) and $95\%$ confidence intervals (CI)
                      in cases versus controls. HPV16 E6 was more strongly
                      associated with noncervical HPV-related cancers than HPV16
                      L1 or E7, or HPV18 proteins: anal (females (HPV16 E6 aOR =
                      $11.50;95\%CI:6.0-22.2),$ males (aOR =
                      $10.12;95\%CI:4.9-20.8),$ vulval (aOR =
                      $11.69;95\%CI:7.9-17.2),$ vaginal (aOR =
                      $10.26;95\%CI:5.0-21),$ penile (aOR =
                      $18.95;95\%CI:8.9-40),$ and oropharyngeal (females (aOR =
                      $8.95;95\%CI:2.9-27.5),$ males (aOR =
                      $3.49;95\%CI:1.8-7.0))$ cancers. HPV16-E6 seropositivity
                      ranged from $24.0\%$ to $35.1\%$ in anal, vulval, vaginal
                      and penile cancer but was significantly lower $(11.2\%)$ in
                      oropharyngeal cancer. After adjustment for HIV, prevalence
                      of which increased from $22.2\%$ in 1995-2005 to $54.1\%$ in
                      2010-2016, HPV16 E6 seropositivity increased by period of
                      diagnosis (aPR for 2010-2016 vs. 1995-2006 =
                      $1.84;95\%CI:1.1-3.0).$ Assuming HPV16 E6 seroprevalence
                      reflects HPV attributable fraction, the proportion of
                      certain noncervical-HPV-related cancers caused by HPV is
                      increasing over time in South Africa. This is expected to be
                      driven by the increasing influence of HIV.},
      keywords     = {Black South African (Other) / HIV status (Other) / human
                      papillomavirus (Other) / noncervical HPV‐related cancers
                      (Other) / proteins (Other)},
      cin          = {F020 / D320},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)F020-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)D320-20160331},
      pnm          = {314 - Immunologie und Krebs (POF4-314)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-314},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:38577820},
      doi          = {10.1002/ijc.34919},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/289286},
}