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@ARTICLE{TinTin:290593,
      author       = {S. Tin Tin and K. Smith-Byrne and P. Ferrari and S. Rinaldi
                      and M. L. McCullough and L. R. Teras and J. Manjer and G.
                      Giles and L. Le Marchand and C. A. Haiman and L. R. Wilkens
                      and Y. Chen and S. Hankinson and S. Tworoger and A. H.
                      Eliassen and W. C. Willett and R. G. Ziegler and B. J.
                      Fuhrman and S. Sieri and C. Agnoli and J. Cauley and U.
                      Menon and E. O. Fourkala and T. E. Rohan and R. Kaaks$^*$
                      and G. K. Reeves and T. J. Key},
      title        = {{A}lcohol intake and endogenous sex hormones in women:
                      {M}eta-analysis of cohort studies and {M}endelian
                      randomization.},
      journal      = {Cancer},
      volume       = {130},
      number       = {19},
      issn         = {0008-543X},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2024-01190},
      pages        = {3375-3386},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {2024 Oct 1;130(19):3375-3386},
      abstract     = {The mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced breast
                      carcinogenesis are not fully understood but may involve
                      hormonal changes.Cross-sectional associations were
                      investigated between self-reported alcohol intake and serum
                      or plasma concentrations of estradiol, estrone, progesterone
                      (in premenopausal women only), testosterone,
                      androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and sex
                      hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in 45 431 premenopausal and
                      173 476 postmenopausal women. Multivariable linear
                      regression was performed separately for UK Biobank, European
                      Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, and
                      Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group,
                      and meta-analyzed the results. For testosterone and SHBG, we
                      also conducted Mendelian randomization and colocalization
                      using the ADH1B (alcohol dehydrogenase 1B) variant
                      (rs1229984).Alcohol intake was positively, though weakly,
                      associated with all hormones (except progesterone in
                      premenopausal women), with increments in concentrations per
                      10 g/day increment in alcohol intake ranging from $1.7\%$
                      for luteal estradiol to $6.6\%$ for postmenopausal
                      dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. There was an inverse
                      association of alcohol with SHBG in postmenopausal women but
                      a small positive association in premenopausal women.
                      Two-sample randomization identified positive associations of
                      alcohol intake with total testosterone (difference per 10
                      g/day increment: $4.1\%;$ $95\%$ CI, 0.6-7.6) and free
                      testosterone $(7.8\%;$ 4.1-11.5), and an inverse association
                      with SHBG $(-8.1\%;$ $-11.3\%$ to $-4.9\%).$ Colocalization
                      suggested a shared causal locus at ADH1B between alcohol
                      intake and higher free testosterone and lower SHBG
                      (posterior probability for H4, 0.81 and 0.97,
                      respectively).Alcohol intake was associated with small
                      increases in sex hormone concentrations, including
                      bioavailable fractions, which may contribute to its effect
                      on breast cancer risk.},
      keywords     = {alcohol drinking (Other) / androgens (Other) / breast
                      cancer (Other) / estrogens (Other) / sex hormones (Other)},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:38824654},
      doi          = {10.1002/cncr.35391},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/290593},
}