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@ARTICLE{Zhang:291450,
      author       = {K. Zhang$^*$ and S. M. F. Triphan and M. O. Wielpütz and
                      C. H. Ziener$^*$ and M. E. Ladd$^*$ and H.-P. Schlemmer$^*$
                      and H.-U. Kauczor and O. Sedlaczek$^*$ and F. T. Kurz$^*$},
      title        = {{N}on-contrast free-breathing liver perfusion imaging using
                      velocity selective {ASL} combined with prospective motion
                      compensation.},
      journal      = {Zeitschrift für medizinische Physik},
      volume       = {35},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0939-3889},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2024-01413},
      pages        = {87-97},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {#EA:E010#LA:E010# / Volume 35, Issue 1, February 2025,
                      Pages 87-97},
      abstract     = {To apply velocity selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL)
                      combined with a navigator-based (NAV) prospective motion
                      compensation method for a free-breathing liver perfusion
                      measurement without contrast agent.Sinc-modulated Velocity
                      Selective Inversion (sinc-VSI) pulses were applied as
                      labeling and control pulses. In order to account for
                      respiratory motion, a navigator was employed in the form of
                      a single gradient-echo projection readout, located at the
                      diaphragm along the inferior-superior direction. Prior to
                      each transverse imaging slice of the spin-echo EPI based
                      readouts, navigator and fat suppression were incorporated.
                      Motion data was obtained from the navigator and transmitted
                      back to the sequence, allowing real-time adjustments to
                      slice positioning. The sinc-VSI without velocity-selective
                      gradients during the control condition but with
                      velocity-selective gradients along all three directions
                      during labeling was chosen for the VSASL. The VSASL was
                      compared with pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) methods, which
                      selectively tagged the moving spins using a tagging plane
                      placed at the portal vein and hepatic artery.The motion
                      caused by respiratory activity was effectively computed
                      using the navigator signal. The coefficients of variation
                      (CoV) of average liver voxel in NAV were significantly
                      decreased when compared to breath-hold (BH), with an average
                      reduction of 29.4 ± $18.44\%$ for control images, and 29.89
                      ± $20.83\%$ for label images (p < 0.001). The resulting
                      maps of normalized ASL signal (normalized to M0) showed
                      significantly higher perfusion weightings in the
                      NAV-compensated VSASL, when compared to the NAV-compensated
                      pCASL techniques.This study demonstrates the feasibility of
                      using a navigator-based prospective motion compensation
                      technique in conjunction with VSASL for the measurement of
                      liver perfusion without the use of contrast agents while
                      allowing for free-breathing.},
      keywords     = {Liver perfusion (Other) / Navigator-based slice tracking
                      (Other) / Prospective motion compensation (Other) / Velocity
                      selective arterial spin labeling (Other)},
      cin          = {E010 / E020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E010-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:38960810},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.zemedi.2024.06.001},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/291450},
}