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@ARTICLE{Kelleter:291456,
      author       = {L. Kelleter$^*$ and L. Marek and G. Echner$^*$ and P.
                      Ochoa-Parra$^*$ and M. Winter and S. Harrabi and J. Jakubek
                      and O. Jäkel$^*$ and J. Debus$^*$ and M. Martisikova$^*$},
      title        = {{A}n in-vivo treatment monitoring system for ion-beam
                      radiotherapy based on 28 {T}imepix3 detectors.},
      journal      = {Scientific reports},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2045-2322},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2024-01419},
      pages        = {15452},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {#EA:E040#LA:E040#},
      abstract     = {Ion-beam radiotherapy is an advanced cancer treatment
                      modality offering steep dose gradients and a high biological
                      effectiveness. These gradients make the therapy vulnerable
                      to patient-setup and anatomical changes between treatment
                      fractions, which may go unnoticed. Charged fragments from
                      nuclear interactions of the ion beam with the patient tissue
                      may carry information about the treatment quality.
                      Currently, the fragments escape the patient undetected.
                      Inter-fractional in-vivo treatment monitoring based on these
                      charged nuclear fragments could make ion-beam therapy safer
                      and more efficient. We developed an ion-beam monitoring
                      system based on 28 hybrid silicon pixel detectors (Timepix3)
                      to measure the distribution of fragment origins in three
                      dimensions. The system design choices as well as the
                      ion-beam monitoring performance measurements are presented
                      in this manuscript. A spatial resolution of 4 mm along the
                      beam axis was achieved for the measurement of individual
                      fragment origins. Beam-range shifts of 1.5 mm were
                      identified in a clinically realistic treatment scenario with
                      an anthropomorphic head phantom. The monitoring system is
                      currently being used in a prospective clinical trial at the
                      Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Centre for head-and-neck as well
                      as central nervous system cancer patients.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Phantoms, Imaging / Heavy Ion Radiotherapy:
                      methods / Radiotherapy Dosage / Charged nuclear fragments
                      (Other) / In-vivo monitoring (Other) / Ion-beam therapy
                      (Other) / Timepix3 (Other)},
      cin          = {E040 / E050},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E040-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)E050-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:38965349},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41598-024-66266-9},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/291456},
}