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@ARTICLE{Kamp:291457,
      author       = {B. Kamp and K. L. Radke and M. Knet and R. Strunk and P. J.
                      Gallinnis and A. M. Nagel$^*$ and T. J. Filler and G. Antoch
                      and D. B. Abrar and M. Frenken and H.-J. Wittsack and A.
                      Müller-Lutz},
      title        = {{S}odium {MRI} of the {L}umbar {I}ntervertebral {D}iscs of
                      the {H}uman {S}pine: {A}n {E}x {V}ivo {S}tudy.},
      journal      = {Journal of magnetic resonance imaging},
      volume       = {61},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1053-1807},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2024-01420},
      pages        = {1503-1512},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {2025 Mar;61(3):1503-1512},
      abstract     = {Lower back pain affects $75\%-85\%$ of people at some point
                      in their lives. The detection of biochemical changes with
                      sodium (23Na) MRI has potential to enable an earlier and
                      more accurate diagnosis.To measure 23Na relaxation times and
                      apparent tissue sodium concentration (aTSC) in ex-vivo
                      intervertebral discs (IVDs), and to investigate the
                      relationship between aTSC and histological Thompson
                      grade.Ex-vivo.Thirty IVDs from the lumbar spines of 11 human
                      body donors (4 female, 7 male, mean age 86 ± 8 years).3 T;
                      density-adapted 3D radial sequence (DA-3D-RAD).IVD 23Na
                      longitudinal (T1), short and long transverse (T2s* and T2l*)
                      relaxation times and the proportion of the short transverse
                      relaxation (ps) were calculated for one IVD per spine sample
                      (11 IVDs). Furthermore, aTSCs were calculated for all IVDs.
                      The degradation of the IVDs was assessed via histological
                      Thompson grading.A Kendall Tau correlation (τ) test was
                      performed between the aTSCs and the Thompson grades. The
                      significance level was set to P < 0.05.Mean 23Na relaxation
                      parameters of a subset of 11 IVDs were T1 = 9.8 ± 1.3 msec,
                      T2s* = 0.7 ± 0.1 msec, T2l* = 7.3 ± 1.1 msec, and ps =
                      32.7 ± $4.0\%.$ A total of 30 IVDs were examined, of which
                      3 had Thompson grade 1, 4 had grade 2, 5 had grade 3, 5 had
                      grade 4, and 13 had grade 5. The aTSC decreased with
                      increasing degradation, being 274.6 ± 18.9 mM for Thompson
                      grade 1 and 190.5 ± 29.5 mM for Thompson grade 5. The
                      correlation between whole IVD aTSC and Thompson grade was
                      significant and strongly negative (τ = -0.56).This study
                      showed a significant correlation between aTSC and
                      degenerative IVD changes. Consequently, aTSC has potential
                      to be useful as an indicator of degenerative spinal
                      changes.2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.},
      keywords     = {23Na MRI (Other) / 23Na relaxation times (Other) / IVD
                      (Other) / ex vivo (Other) / intervertebral disc (Other) /
                      sodium MRI (Other)},
      cin          = {E020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:38963154},
      doi          = {10.1002/jmri.29521},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/291457},
}