000291917 001__ 291917 000291917 005__ 20241110013656.0 000291917 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/nu16142251 000291917 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:39064694 000291917 0247_ $$2pmc$$apmc:PMC11279740 000291917 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:168278288 000291917 037__ $$aDKFZ-2024-01529 000291917 041__ $$aEnglish 000291917 082__ $$a610 000291917 1001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)1d6f6305a65e2f7de2c7fbffbae83780$$aSha, Sha$$b0$$eFirst author$$udkfz 000291917 245__ $$aThe Safety Profile of Vitamin D Supplements Using Real-World Data from 445,493 Participants of the UK Biobank: Slightly Higher Hypercalcemia Prevalence but Neither Increased Risks of Kidney Stones nor Atherosclerosis. 000291917 260__ $$aBasel$$bMDPI$$c2024 000291917 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000291917 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000291917 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1722250169_32764 000291917 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000291917 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000291917 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000291917 500__ $$a#EA:C070#LA:C070#LA:C120# 000291917 520__ $$aBackground: Potential calcium-related adverse events of vitamin D supplement use have not been addressed in large-scale, real-world data so far. Methods: Leveraging data from the UK Biobank, encompassing 445,493 individuals aged 40-69, we examined associations of high 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D) levels ≥ 100 nmol/L and vitamin D supplementation with hypercalcemia (serum calcium > 2.6 mmol/L), kidney stones, and atherosclerosis assessments (pulse wave arterial stiffness index and carotid intima-medial thickness). Regression models were comprehensively adjusted for 49 covariates. Results: Approximately 1.5% of the participants had high 25(OH)D levels, 4.3% regularly used vitamin D supplements, and 20.4% reported regular multivitamin use. At baseline, the hypercalcemia prevalence was 1.6%, and 1.1% was diagnosed with kidney stones during follow-up. High 25(OH)D levels were neither associated with calcium-related adverse events nor atherosclerosis assessments. Vitamin D and multivitamin supplementation were associated with an increased prevalence of hypercalcemia (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals: 1.46 [1.32-1.62] and 1.11 [1.04-1.18], respectively) but were neither associated with atherosclerosis nor future kidney stones. Conclusions: High 25(OH)D levels observable in routine care were not associated with any adverse outcome. Vitamin D users have a slightly higher prevalence of hypercalcemia, possibly due to co-supplementation with calcium, but without a higher atherosclerosis prevalence or risk of kidney stones. 000291917 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313$$a313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)$$cPOF4-313$$fPOF IV$$x0 000291917 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef, PubMed, , Journals: inrepo02.dkfz.de 000291917 650_7 $$2Other$$aadverse events 000291917 650_7 $$2Other$$aatherosclerosis 000291917 650_7 $$2Other$$ahypercalcemia 000291917 650_7 $$2Other$$akidney stone risk 000291917 650_7 $$2Other$$areal-world evidence 000291917 650_7 $$2Other$$aserum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels 000291917 650_7 $$2Other$$avitamin D supplementation 000291917 650_7 $$01406-16-2$$2NLM Chemicals$$aVitamin D 000291917 650_7 $$0A288AR3C9H$$2NLM Chemicals$$a25-hydroxyvitamin D 000291917 650_7 $$0SY7Q814VUP$$2NLM Chemicals$$aCalcium 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHumans 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHypercalcemia: epidemiology 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHypercalcemia: chemically induced 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aVitamin D: analogs & derivatives 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aVitamin D: blood 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aVitamin D: administration & dosage 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMiddle Aged 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMale 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aFemale 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aDietary Supplements: adverse effects 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aUnited Kingdom: epidemiology 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aKidney Calculi: epidemiology 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aKidney Calculi: blood 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAged 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAtherosclerosis: epidemiology 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAtherosclerosis: etiology 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAdult 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aPrevalence 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aBiological Specimen Banks 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aRisk Factors 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aCalcium: blood 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aCalcium: administration & dosage 000291917 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aUK Biobank 000291917 7001_ 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