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@ARTICLE{Zuern:292493,
      author       = {K. Zuern and T. Hielscher$^*$ and A. Werly and I.
                      Breitkreutz and S. Sauer and M. S. Raab and C. Müller-Tidow
                      and H. Goldschmidt and E. K. Mai},
      title        = {{L}ongitudinal assessment of established risk
                      stratification models in patients with monoclonal gammopathy
                      of undetermined significance.},
      journal      = {Blood cancer journal},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2044-5385},
      address      = {London [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2024-01740},
      pages        = {148},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Risk of progression of monoclonal gammopathy of
                      undetermined significance (MGUS) into multiple myeloma and
                      related plasma cell disorders can be determined by three
                      major risk stratification models, namely Mayo2005,
                      Sweden2014, and NCI2019. This retrospective study of 427
                      patients with MGUS diagnosed according to the 2014
                      International Myeloma Working Group criteria aimed to
                      describe and analyze the longitudinal applicability of these
                      risk models. In all three models, the majority of patients
                      remained at their baseline risk group, whereas small numbers
                      of patients migrated to a different risk group. Proportions
                      of patients among risk groups remained stable over time
                      (e.g. Mayo2005 model, low-risk group, at baseline: $43\%,$
                      after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 years: $40\%,$ $37\%,$ $37\%,$
                      $43\%,$ $44\%,$ and $43\%).$ All three risk models reliably
                      distinguished risk of progression at baseline, upon yearly
                      reassessment (e.g. 1 year from diagnosis) and in
                      time-dependent analyses. Upstaging to a high-risk category
                      was associated with an increased risk of progression in all
                      three models (Mayo2005: hazard ratio [HR] = 5.43, $95\%$
                      confidence interval $[95\%$ CI] 1.21-24.39, p = 0.027;
                      Sweden2014: HR = 13.02, $95\%$ CI 5.25-32.28, p < 0.001;
                      NCI2019: HR = 5.85, $95\%$ CI 2.49-13.74, p < 0.001). Our
                      study shows that MGUS risk stratification models can be
                      applied longitudinally to repeatedly determine and improve
                      individual risk of progression. Patient migration to higher
                      risk categories during follow up should prompt more frequent
                      monitoring in clinical routine.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined
                      Significance: epidemiology / Monoclonal Gammopathy of
                      Undetermined Significance: diagnosis / Male / Female / Aged
                      / Middle Aged / Disease Progression / Retrospective Studies
                      / Risk Assessment / Aged, 80 and over / Longitudinal Studies
                      / Adult / Multiple Myeloma: epidemiology / Multiple Myeloma:
                      diagnosis / Risk Factors},
      cin          = {C060},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C060-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39191769},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC11349746},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41408-024-01126-3},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/292493},
}