% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{OchoaParra:293583,
      author       = {P. Ochoa-Parra$^*$ and L. Schweins$^*$ and N. Abbani$^*$
                      and L. Ghesquière-Diérickx and T. Gehrke$^*$ and J.
                      Jakubek and L. Marek and C. Granja and F. Dinkel$^*$ and G.
                      Echner$^*$ and M. Winter and A. Mairani and S. Harrabi and
                      O. Jäkel$^*$ and J. Debus$^*$ and M. Martisikova$^*$ and L.
                      Kelleter$^*$},
      title        = {{E}xperimental validation of a {FLUKA} {M}onte {C}arlo
                      simulation for carbon-ion radiotherapy monitoring via
                      secondary ion tracking.},
      journal      = {Medical physics},
      volume       = {51},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {0094-2405},
      address      = {College Park, Md.},
      publisher    = {AAPM},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2024-01906},
      pages        = {9217-9229},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {#EA:E040#LA:E040# / 2024 Dec;51(12):9217-9229},
      abstract     = {In-vivo monitoring methods of carbon ion radiotherapy
                      (CIRT) includes explorations of nuclear reaction products
                      generated by carbon-ion beams interacting with patient
                      tissues. Our research group focuses on in-vivo monitoring of
                      CIRT using silicon pixel detectors. Currently, we are
                      conducting a prospective clinical trial as part of the
                      In-Vivo Monitoring project (InViMo) at the Heidelberg Ion
                      Beam Therapy Center (HIT) in Germany. We are using an
                      innovative, in-house developed, non-contact fragment
                      tracking system with seven mini-trackers based on the
                      Timepix3 technology developed at CERN.This article focuses
                      on the implementation of the mini-tracker in Monte Carlo
                      (MC) based on FLUKA simulations to monitor secondary charged
                      nuclear fragments in CIRT. The main objective is to
                      systematically evaluate the simulation accuracy for the
                      InViMo project.The implementation involved integrating the
                      mini-tracker geometry and the scoring mechanism into the
                      FLUKA MC simulation, utilizing the finely tuned HIT beam
                      line. The systematic investigation included varying
                      mini-tracker angles (from 15 ∘ $15^\circ$ to 45 ∘
                      $45^\circ$ in 5 ∘ $5^\circ$ steps) during the irradiation
                      of a head-sized phantom with therapeutic carbon-ion pencil
                      beams. To evaluate our implemented FLUKA framework, a
                      comparison was made between the experimental data and data
                      obtained from MC simulations. To ensure the fidelity of our
                      comparison, experiments were performed at the HIT using the
                      parameters and setup established in the simulations.Our
                      research demonstrates high accuracy in reproducing
                      characteristic behaviors and dependencies of the monitoring
                      method in terms of fragment distributions in the
                      mini-tracker, track angles, emission profiles, and fragment
                      numbers. Discrepancies in the number of detected fragments
                      between the experimental data and the data obtained from MC
                      simulations are less than 4\% for the angles of interest in
                      the InViMo detection system.Our study confirms the potential
                      of our simulation framework to investigate the performance
                      of monitoring inter-fractional anatomical changes in
                      patients undergoing CIRT using secondary nuclear charged
                      fragments escaping from the irradiated patient.},
      keywords     = {Monte Carlo simulations (Other) / Timepix3 (Other) /
                      carbon‐ion radiotherapy (Other) / charged nuclear
                      fragments (Other) / in‐vivo monitoring (Other)},
      cin          = {E040 / E050},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E040-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)E050-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39306865},
      doi          = {10.1002/mp.17408},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/293583},
}