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@ARTICLE{Rosenau:294054,
      author       = {L. Rosenau and J. Gruendner and A. Kiel and T. Köhler$^*$
                      and B. Schaffer and R. W. Majeed},
      title        = {{B}ridging {D}ata {M}odels in {H}ealth {C}are {W}ith a
                      {N}ovel {I}ntermediate {Q}uery {F}ormat for {F}easibility
                      {Q}ueries: {M}ixed {M}ethods {S}tudy.},
      journal      = {JMIR medical informatics},
      volume       = {12},
      issn         = {2291-9694},
      address      = {Toronto},
      publisher    = {[Verlag nicht ermittelbar]},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2024-02078},
      pages        = {e58541 - e58541},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {To advance research with clinical data, it is essential to
                      make access to the available data as fast and easy as
                      possible for researchers, which is especially challenging
                      for data from different source systems within and across
                      institutions. Over the years, many research repositories and
                      data standards have been created. One of these is the Fast
                      Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard, used
                      by the German Medical Informatics Initiative (MII) to
                      harmonize and standardize data across university hospitals
                      in Germany. One of the first steps to make these data
                      available is to allow researchers to create feasibility
                      queries to determine the data availability for a specific
                      research question. Given the heterogeneity of different
                      query languages to access different data across and even
                      within standards such as FHIR (eg, CQL and FHIR Search),
                      creating an intermediate query syntax for feasibility
                      queries reduces the complexity of query translation and
                      improves interoperability across different research
                      repositories and query languages.This study describes the
                      creation and implementation of an intermediate query syntax
                      for feasibility queries and how it integrates into the
                      federated German health research portal
                      (Forschungsdatenportal Gesundheit) and the MII.We analyzed
                      the requirements for feasibility queries and the feasibility
                      tools that are currently available in research repositories.
                      Based on this analysis, we developed an intermediate query
                      syntax that can be easily translated into different research
                      repository-specific query languages.The resulting Clinical
                      Cohort Definition Language (CCDL) for feasibility queries
                      combines inclusion criteria in a conjunctive normal form and
                      exclusion criteria in a disjunctive normal form, allowing
                      for additional filters like time or numerical restrictions.
                      The inclusion and exclusion results are combined via an
                      expression to specify feasibility queries. We defined a JSON
                      schema for the CCDL, generated an ontology, and demonstrated
                      the use and translatability of the CCDL across multiple
                      studies and real-world use cases.We developed and evaluated
                      a structured query syntax for feasibility queries and
                      demonstrated its use in a real-world example as part of a
                      research platform across 39 German university hospitals.},
      keywords     = {Feasibility Studies / Germany / Humans / Health Information
                      Interoperability / Information Storage and Retrieval:
                      methods / CQL (Other) / FHIR (Other) / JSON (Other) /
                      clinical research (Other) / cohort definition (Other) /
                      develop (Other) / development (Other) / eligibility criteria
                      (Other) / feasibility (Other) / healthcare interoperability
                      (Other) / implementation (Other) / informatics (Other) /
                      intermediate query format (Other) / interoperability (Other)
                      / interoperable (Other) / ontologies (Other) / ontology
                      (Other) / portal (Other) / portals (Other) / queries (Other)
                      / query (Other)},
      cin          = {E260},
      ddc          = {004},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E260-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39401125},
      doi          = {10.2196/58541},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/294054},
}