% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Rashidipour:294828,
      author       = {M. Rashidipour and S. Abbaszadeh and M. Birjandi and N.
                      Pajouhi and S. Ahmadi Somaghian and G. Goudarzi and S.
                      Shahryarhesami$^*$ and M. Moradi Sarabi and E. Babaeenezhad},
      title        = {{A}ntimicrobial activity and cytotoxic and epigenetic
                      effects of tannic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles.},
      journal      = {Scientific reports},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2045-2322},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2024-02539},
      pages        = {30405},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Tannic acid (TA) is a potent antitumor agent, but its low
                      bioavailability and absorption limit its use. In this study,
                      it was loaded into chitosan-based nanoparticles (Chi-NPs) to
                      overcome these limitations and to improve its antimicrobial
                      and anticancer activities. TA-loaded Chi-NPs (Chi-TA-NPs)
                      were synthesized using the ionic gelation method and
                      physicochemically characterized by FE-SEM, FTIR, XRD, PDI,
                      DLS, and zeta potential analysis. Additionally, the
                      antimicrobial activity of Chi-TA-NPs against two G+
                      bacterial strains, two G- bacterial strains, and a fungal
                      strain (Candida albicans) was investigated using the
                      microbroth dilution method. MTT assay was used to examine
                      the cytotoxic effects of Chi-TA-NPs on HepG2 cells. The
                      expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), DNMT3A, and
                      DNMT3B was examined in HepG2 cells using RT-qPCR. The amount
                      of 5-methylcytosine in the HepG2 cell-derived genomic DNA
                      was measured using ELISA. FE-SEM micrographs showed the
                      loading of TA into the chitosan-based formulation. The peaks
                      detected in the XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the
                      formation of the Chi-TA-NPs. The PDI value (0.247 ± 0.03),
                      size (567.0 ± 25.84 nm), and zeta potential (17.0 ± 5.86
                      mV) confirmed the relative stability of Chi-TA-NPs. A
                      constant release profile in line with the Korsmeyer-Peppas
                      model was detected for Chi-TA-NPs, such that approximately
                      $44\%$ of TA was released after 300 min. In addition,
                      Chi-TA-NPs exhibited effective antimicrobial activity
                      against the studied microbial strains, as manifested by MIC
                      values ranging from 250 to 1000 µg/mL. Chi-TA-NPs induced
                      cytotoxicity in liver tumor cell line, with an IC50 value of
                      500 µg/mL. Furthermore, Chi-TA-NPs considerably decreased
                      the expression of DNMT1 (2.52-fold; p = 0.01), DNMT3A
                      (2.96-fold; p = 0.004), and DNMT3B (2.94-fold; p < 0.0001).
                      However, 5-methylcytosine levels in HepG2 cells were
                      unaffected by Chi-TA-NPs treatment (p = 0.62). Finally, the
                      antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and epigenetic effects of
                      Chi-TA-NPs were more pronounced than those of free TA and
                      the unloaded Chi-NPs. In conclusion, Chi-TA-NPs exhibit
                      promising potential for reducing microbial growth and
                      promoting cytotoxicity in liver cancer cells.},
      keywords     = {Chitosan: chemistry / Chitosan: pharmacology / Humans /
                      Tannins: chemistry / Tannins: pharmacology / Nanoparticles:
                      chemistry / Hep G2 Cells / Anti-Infective Agents:
                      pharmacology / Anti-Infective Agents: chemistry /
                      Epigenesis, Genetic: drug effects / Candida albicans: drug
                      effects / Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Antineoplastic
                      Agents: pharmacology / Antineoplastic Agents: chemistry /
                      Polyphenols / Antimicrobial effects (Other) / Chitosan
                      nanoparticles (Other) / Cytotoxicity (Other) / DNA
                      methylation (Other) / Tannic acid (Other) / Chitosan (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Tannins (NLM Chemicals) / Anti-Infective Agents
                      (NLM Chemicals) / Antineoplastic Agents (NLM Chemicals) /
                      tannic acid (NLM Chemicals) / Polyphenols (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {B070},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)B070-20160331},
      pnm          = {312 - Funktionelle und strukturelle Genomforschung
                      (POF4-312)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-312},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39638815},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41598-024-80771-x},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/294828},
}