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@ARTICLE{Haggenmller:297993,
      author       = {S. Haggenmüller$^*$ and C. Wies$^*$ and J. Abels$^*$ and
                      J. Winterstein$^*$ and L. Heinlein$^*$ and C. Nogueira
                      Garcia$^*$ and J. Utikal$^*$ and S. Wohlfeil$^*$ and F.
                      Meier and S. Hobelsberger and F. F. Gellrich and M. Sergon
                      and A. Hauschild and L. E. French and L. Heinzerling and J.
                      G. Schlager and K. Ghoreschi and M. Schlaak and F. J. Hilke
                      and G. Poch and S. Korsing and C. Sarfert and C. Berking and
                      M. V. Heppt and M. Erdmann and S. Haferkamp and K. Drexler
                      and D. Schadendorf and W. Sondermann and M. Goebeler and B.
                      Schilling and J. N. Kather and S. Fröhling$^*$ and M.
                      Llamas-Velasco and L. C. Requena and G. Ferrara and M.
                      Fernandez-Figueras and S. Fraitag and C. S. L. Müller and
                      H. Starz and H. Kutzner and R. Barnhill and R. Carr and K.
                      S. Resnik and S. A. Braun and T. Holland-Letz$^*$ and T.
                      Brinker$^*$},
      title        = {{D}iscordance, accuracy and reproducibility study of
                      pathologists' diagnosis of melanoma and melanocytic tumors.},
      journal      = {Nature Communications},
      volume       = {16},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2041-1723},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-00168},
      pages        = {789},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {#EA:C140#LA:C140#},
      abstract     = {Accurate melanoma diagnosis is crucial for patient outcomes
                      and reliability of AI diagnostic tools. We assess interrater
                      variability among eight expert pathologists reviewing
                      histopathological images and clinical metadata of 792
                      melanoma-suspicious lesions prospectively collected at eight
                      German hospitals. Moreover, we provide access to the largest
                      panel-validated dataset featuring dermoscopic and
                      histopathological images with metadata. Complete agreement
                      is achieved in $53.5\%$ of cases (424/792), and a majority
                      vote ( ≥ five pathologists) in $90.9\%$ (720/792).
                      Considerable discordance is observed for non-invasive
                      melanomas (complete agreement in only 10/73 cases). The
                      expert panel disagrees with the local pathologists' and
                      dermatologists' diagnoses in $14.9\%$ and $33.5\%$ of cases,
                      respectively. This variability highlights the diagnostic
                      challenges of early-stage melanomas and the need to
                      reconsider how ground truth is established in routine care
                      and AI research. Including at least two pathologists or
                      virtual panels may contribute to more consistent diagnostic
                      results.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Melanoma: diagnosis / Melanoma: pathology /
                      Melanoma: diagnostic imaging / Pathologists /
                      Reproducibility of Results / Skin Neoplasms: pathology /
                      Skin Neoplasms: diagnosis / Observer Variation / Female /
                      Male / Middle Aged / Adult / Dermoscopy: methods / Germany /
                      Aged / Prospective Studies},
      cin          = {C140 / A370 / C060},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C140-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)A370-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)C060-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39824857},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41467-025-56160-x},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/297993},
}