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000298224 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.mri.2025.110333
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000298224 037__ $$aDKFZ-2025-00231
000298224 041__ $$aEnglish
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000298224 1001_ $$aRomig, Swantje$$b0
000298224 245__ $$aImproving MRI turbulence quantification by addressing the measurement errors caused by the derivatives of the turbulent velocity field - Sequence development and in-vitro validation.
000298224 260__ $$aAmsterdam [u.a.]$$bElsevier Science$$c2025
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000298224 500__ $$aVolume 117, April 2025, 110333
000298224 520__ $$aTo improve the current method for MRI turbulence quantification which is the intravoxel phase dispersion (IVPD) method. Turbulence is commonly characterized by the Reynolds stress tensor (RST) which describes the velocity covariance matrix. A major source for systematic errors in MRI is the sequence's sensitivity to the variance of the derivatives of velocity, such as the acceleration variance, which can lead to a substantial measurement bias.We developed a Cartesian phase contrast sequence with fast velocity encoding and two separately measured partial echoes with opposite readout directions. This design aims to reduce the high-order gradient moments that are responsible for the described measurement error. Velocity encoding directions follow the ICOSA6 scheme to capture the full RST. Turbulence data is reconstructed using the intra-voxel phase dispersion (IVPD) technique. We validated this sequence in vitro using a periodic hill flow benchmark with highly anisotropic turbulence. MRI data underwent extensive averaging, with multiple velocity encoding values employed to reduce noise and isolate systematic effects.The RST data obtained from the new sequence agree well with the ground truth. Compared to a state-of-the-art sequence, the maximum errors were reduced by factor five.Simple adjustments to current MRI protocols can greatly enhance turbulence measurement accuracy through the reduction of high-order gradient moments. The proposed measures include applying fast velocity encoding, high readout bandwidth, and a highly asymmetric readout. Ringing artifacts due to the asymmetric readout can be removed via a second, inverted readout.
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000298224 650_7 $$2Other$$aIntra-voxel phase dispersion
000298224 650_7 $$2Other$$aPhase contrast MRI
000298224 650_7 $$2Other$$aReynold stress tensor
000298224 650_7 $$2Other$$aTurbulence kinetic energy
000298224 650_7 $$2Other$$aTurbulence quantification
000298224 7001_ $$aJohn, Kristine$$b1
000298224 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)549e123a16abe980dac951ef402f70ec$$aSchmidt, Simon$$b2$$udkfz
000298224 7001_ $$aSchmitter, Sebastian$$b3
000298224 7001_ $$aGrundmann, Sven$$b4
000298224 7001_ $$aBruschewski, Martin$$b5
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