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@ARTICLE{Chen:298577,
      author       = {J. Chen and C. Li and Y. Yu and S. Liu and Q. Hu$^*$ and C.
                      Cai and J. Luo and Y. Wu and Z. Tu},
      title        = {{G}lobal epidemiological trends of trachea, bronchus, and
                      lung cancer in the elderly.},
      journal      = {Cancer epidemiology},
      volume       = {95},
      issn         = {1877-7821},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-00294},
      pages        = {102760},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {2025 Apr;95:102760},
      abstract     = {Despite most patients with trachea, bronchus, and lung
                      (TBL) cancer being elderly, epidemiological data specific to
                      this population remain scarce. This study aims to update and
                      delineate the global epidemiological profile of TBL in older
                      adults.An analysis was conducted on data from the Global
                      Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021 for individuals aged 60 and
                      older. We evaluated the worldwide impact of TBL cancer by
                      socio-demographic index (SDI), gender, and age across 204
                      countries and territories, including their spatial and
                      temporal trends. The main outcomes comprised
                      age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), mortality rates
                      (ASMR), disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates (ASDR),
                      and average annual percent change (AAPC).From 1992 to 2021,
                      the estimated cases of TBL cancer, along with associated
                      deaths and DALYs, increased among the elderly. The ASIR,
                      ASMR, and ASDR all exhibited a declining trend. In 2021,
                      East Asia faced a substantial TBL cancer burden, whereas
                      Western Sub-Saharan Africa exhibited a notable increase over
                      the last thirty years. In 2021, Monaco and Greenland
                      recorded the highest ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR, while Egypt
                      experienced the most significant rise in these rates from
                      1992 to 2021. The greatest affected age group was those aged
                      85-89. The TBL cancer burden followed distinct patterns by
                      SDI and sex, with higher SDI regions and females facing a
                      particularly notable increase in burden. From 1992 to 2021,
                      smoking was the leading risk factor for TBL cancer-related
                      deaths and DALYs in older adults, with particulate matter
                      air pollution as a close second.The burden of TBL cancer
                      varies widely across different regions and demographics.
                      More attention should be paid to the elderly in higher SDI
                      regions and females. Recognizing these trends is crucial for
                      enhancing tertiary prevention strategies for TBL cancer and
                      exploring innovative approaches to diagnosis and treatment.},
      keywords     = {Epidemiology (Other) / Health disparities (Other) / Risk
                      factors (Other) / The elderly (Other) / Trachea, bronchus,
                      and lung cancer (Other)},
      cin          = {D400},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)D400-20160331},
      pnm          = {314 - Immunologie und Krebs (POF4-314)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-314},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39904714},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.canep.2025.102760},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/298577},
}