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000298612 1001_ $$00000-0001-9864-5154$$aAl Nahas, Aline$$b0
000298612 245__ $$aAssociations between degree of food processing and colorectal cancer risk in a large-scale European cohort.
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000298612 500__ $$aVolume157, Issue2, 15 July 2025, Pages 260-276
000298612 520__ $$aIndustrial food processing has been linked to various health outcomes including cancer. To examine associations between the degree of food processing and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and its sub-sites, data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) including 6155 incident CRC cases (n = 450,111 participants), were analyzed. Dietary intakes were assessed using baseline food frequency questionnaires. Foods were classified into culinary ingredients, unprocessed, processed (PFs), and ultra-processed foods (UPFs) according to the Nova classification. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for established CRC risk factors, were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) associated with a 10% increase in proportion of consumption (%g/d) of each Nova group. Substitution analysis examined the effect of replacing UPFs and PFs with unprocessed foods on CRC risk. A 10% increase in proportion of UPFs was associated with 6% higher CRC risk (95% CI:1.02-1.10). A positive association was also found between PFs and CRC risk (HR per 10% increase: 1.10 [95% CI, 1.05-1.15]). Conversely, unprocessed food consumption was inversely associated with CRC risk (HR per 10% increase: 0.93[95% CI, 0.90-0.95]). Substitution of 10% of the overall proportion of the diet comprising UPFs or PFs with 10% unprocessed foods was associated with a decreased risk of CRC (HRUPFs: 0.94 [95% CI, 0.90-0.97]; HRPFs: 0.90 [95% CI, 0.86-0.94]). In conclusion, UPF was positively associated with CRC risk while diets richer in unprocessed foods were associated with lower CRC risk. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms by which food processing affects CRC risk.
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000298612 650_7 $$2Other$$aColorectal cancer
000298612 650_7 $$2Other$$aEPIC
000298612 650_7 $$2Other$$aNova classification
000298612 650_7 $$2Other$$aUPFs
000298612 650_7 $$2Other$$aobesity
000298612 7001_ $$aYammine Ghantous, Sahar$$b1
000298612 7001_ $$aMorales Berstein, Fernanda$$b2
000298612 7001_ $$aCakmak, Emine Koc$$b3
000298612 7001_ $$aBiessy, Carine$$b4
000298612 7001_ $$aNicolas, Genevieve$$b5
000298612 7001_ $$aKliemann, Nathalie$$b6
000298612 7001_ $$aLopez, Jessica Blanco$$b7
000298612 7001_ $$aJacobs, Inarie$$b8
000298612 7001_ $$aGonzalez-Gil, Esther M$$b9
000298612 7001_ $$00000-0002-0964-3120$$aCairat, Manon$$b10
000298612 7001_ $$aPinho, Maria Gabriela Matias$$b11
000298612 7001_ $$aBertazzi Levy, Renata$$b12
000298612 7001_ $$aRauber, Fernanda$$b13
000298612 7001_ $$aVamos, Eszter P$$b14
000298612 7001_ $$aChang, Kiara$$b15
000298612 7001_ $$aMillett, Christopher$$b16
000298612 7001_ $$aTouvier, Mathilde$$b17
000298612 7001_ $$aKesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle$$b18
000298612 7001_ $$00000-0001-7157-419X$$aSeveri, Gianluca$$b19
000298612 7001_ $$aMarques, Chloé$$b20
000298612 7001_ $$aHajji, Mariem$$b21
000298612 7001_ $$00000-0002-0287-7979$$aMacciotta, Alessandra$$b22
000298612 7001_ $$00000-0002-5758-9069$$aMasala, Giovanna$$b23
000298612 7001_ $$aFordellone, Mario$$b24
000298612 7001_ $$aAgnoli, Claudia$$b25
000298612 7001_ $$aAmiano, Pilar$$b26
000298612 7001_ $$aGuevara, Marcela$$b27
000298612 7001_ $$aTjønneland, Anne$$b28
000298612 7001_ $$00000-0002-9083-8960$$aKyrø, Cecilie$$b29
000298612 7001_ $$00000-0002-2973-5583$$aDerksen, Jeroen W G$$b30
000298612 7001_ $$aSmit, Karel C$$b31
000298612 7001_ $$aSchulze, Matthias B$$b32
000298612 7001_ $$aJannasch, Franziska$$b33
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000298612 7001_ $$aBraaten, Tonje$$b36
000298612 7001_ $$aBrustad, Magritt$$b37
000298612 7001_ $$aSkeie, Guri$$b38
000298612 7001_ $$aHarewood, Rhea$$b39
000298612 7001_ $$00000-0001-6517-1300$$aHeath, Alicia$$b40
000298612 7001_ $$aVineis, Paolo$$b41
000298612 7001_ $$aWeiderpass, Elisabete$$b42
000298612 7001_ $$aFerrari, Pietro$$b43
000298612 7001_ $$aGunter, Marc J$$b44
000298612 7001_ $$aHuybrechts, Inge$$b45
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