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@ARTICLE{Smarduch:299001,
      author       = {S. Smarduch and S. D. Moreno-Velasquez and D. Ilic$^*$ and
                      S. Dadsena and R. Morant and A. Ciprinidis and G.
                      Pereira$^*$ and M. Binder$^*$ and A. J. García-Sáez and S.
                      P. Acebrón},
      title        = {{A} novel biosensor for the spatiotemporal analysis of
                      {STING} activation during innate immune responses to
                      ds{DNA}.},
      journal      = {The EMBO journal},
      volume       = {44},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {0261-4189},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group UK},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-00411},
      pages        = {2157-2182},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {2025 Apr;44(7):2157-2182},
      abstract     = {The cGAS-STING signalling pathway has a central role in the
                      innate immune response to extrinsic and intrinsic sources of
                      cytoplasmic dsDNA. At the core of this pathway is
                      cGAS-dependent production of the intra- and extra-cellular
                      messenger cGAMP, which activates STING and leads to
                      IRF3-dependent expression of cytokines and interferons.
                      Despite its relevance to viral and bacterial infections,
                      cell death, and genome instability, the lack of specific
                      live-cell reporters has precluded spatiotemporal analyses of
                      cGAS-STING signalling. Here, we generate a fluorescent
                      biosensor termed SIRF (STING-IRF3), which reports on the
                      functional interaction between activated STING and IRF3 at
                      the Golgi. We show that cells harbouring SIRF react in a
                      time- and concentration-dependent manner both to STING
                      agonists and to microenvironmental cGAMP. We demonstrate
                      that the new biosensor is suitable for single-cell
                      characterisation of immune responses to HSV-1 infection,
                      mtDNA release upon apoptosis, or other sources of
                      cytoplasmic dsDNA. Furthermore, our results indicate that
                      STING signalling is not activated by ruptured micronuclei,
                      suggesting that other cytosolic pattern recognition
                      receptors underlie the interferon responses to chromosomal
                      instability.},
      keywords     = {Biosensor (Other) / Innate Immune Response (Other) /
                      Micronuclei (Other) / cGAMP (Other) / cGAS-STING Signalling
                      (Other)},
      cin          = {D430 / A180},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)D430-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)A180-20160331},
      pnm          = {314 - Immunologie und Krebs (POF4-314)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-314},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39984755},
      doi          = {10.1038/s44318-025-00370-y},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/299001},
}