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@ARTICLE{Maatz:299468,
      author       = {H. Maatz and E. L. Lindberg and E. Adami and N.
                      López-Anguita and A. Perdomo-Sabogal and L. Cocera Ortega
                      and G. Patone and D. Reichart and A. Myronova and S. Schmidt
                      and A. Elsanhoury and O. Klein and U. Kühl and E. Wyler and
                      M. Landthaler and S. Yousefian and S. Haas$^*$ and F. Kurth
                      and S. A. Teichmann and G. Y. Oudit and H. Milting and M.
                      Noseda and J. G. Seidman and C. E. Seidman and B. Heidecker
                      and L. E. Sander and B. Sawitzki and K. Klingel and P.
                      Doeblin and S. Kelle and S. Van Linthout and N. Hubner and
                      C. Tschöpe},
      title        = {{T}he cellular and molecular cardiac tissue responses in
                      human inflammatory cardiomyopathies after {SARS}-{C}o{V}-2
                      infection and {COVID}-19 vaccination.},
      journal      = {Nature cardiovascular research},
      volume       = {4},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {2731-0590},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group UK},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-00428},
      pages        = {330-345},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {2025 Mar;4(3):330-345},
      abstract     = {Myocarditis, characterized by inflammatory cell
                      infiltration, can have multiple etiologies, including severe
                      acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
                      infection or, rarely, mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019
                      (COVID-19) vaccination. The underlying cellular and
                      molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this
                      study, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing on left
                      ventricular endomyocardial biopsies from patients with
                      myocarditis unrelated to COVID-19 (Non-COVID-19), after
                      SARS-CoV-2 infection (Post-COVID-19) and after COVID-19
                      vaccination (Post-Vaccination). We identified distinct
                      cytokine expression patterns, with interferon-γ playing a
                      key role in Post-COVID-19, and upregulated IL16 and IL18
                      expression serving as a hallmark of Post-Vaccination
                      myocarditis. Although myeloid responses were similar across
                      all groups, the Post-Vaccination group showed a higher
                      proportion of CD4+ T cells, and the Post-COVID-19 group
                      exhibited an expansion of cytotoxic CD8+ T and natural
                      killer cells. Endothelial cells showed gene expression
                      changes indicative of vascular barrier dysfunction in the
                      Post-COVID-19 group and ongoing angiogenesis across all
                      groups. These findings highlight shared and distinct
                      mechanisms driving myocarditis in patients with and without
                      a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination.},
      cin          = {BE01},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)BE01-20160331},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39994453},
      doi          = {10.1038/s44161-025-00612-6},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/299468},
}