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100 1 _ |a Maatz, Henrike
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245 _ _ |a The cellular and molecular cardiac tissue responses in human inflammatory cardiomyopathies after SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination.
260 _ _ |a London
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500 _ _ |a 2025 Mar;4(3):330-345
520 _ _ |a Myocarditis, characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration, can have multiple etiologies, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or, rarely, mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing on left ventricular endomyocardial biopsies from patients with myocarditis unrelated to COVID-19 (Non-COVID-19), after SARS-CoV-2 infection (Post-COVID-19) and after COVID-19 vaccination (Post-Vaccination). We identified distinct cytokine expression patterns, with interferon-γ playing a key role in Post-COVID-19, and upregulated IL16 and IL18 expression serving as a hallmark of Post-Vaccination myocarditis. Although myeloid responses were similar across all groups, the Post-Vaccination group showed a higher proportion of CD4+ T cells, and the Post-COVID-19 group exhibited an expansion of cytotoxic CD8+ T and natural killer cells. Endothelial cells showed gene expression changes indicative of vascular barrier dysfunction in the Post-COVID-19 group and ongoing angiogenesis across all groups. These findings highlight shared and distinct mechanisms driving myocarditis in patients with and without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination.
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700 1 _ |a Lindberg, Eric L
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700 1 _ |a Adami, Eleonora
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700 1 _ |a López-Anguita, Natalia
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700 1 _ |a Perdomo-Sabogal, Alvaro
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700 1 _ |a Cocera Ortega, Lucía
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700 1 _ |a Patone, Giannino
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700 1 _ |a Reichart, Daniel
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700 1 _ |a Myronova, Anna
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700 1 _ |a Schmidt, Sabine
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700 1 _ |a Elsanhoury, Ahmed
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700 1 _ |a Klein, Oliver
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700 1 _ |a Kühl, Uwe
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700 1 _ |a Wyler, Emanuel
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700 1 _ |a Landthaler, Markus
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700 1 _ |a Yousefian, Schayan
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700 1 _ |a Haas, Simon
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700 1 _ |a Kurth, Florian
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700 1 _ |a Teichmann, Sarah A
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700 1 _ |a Oudit, Gavin Y
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700 1 _ |a Milting, Hendrik
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700 1 _ |a Noseda, Michela
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700 1 _ |a Seidman, Jonathan G
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700 1 _ |a Seidman, Christine E
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700 1 _ |a Heidecker, Bettina
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700 1 _ |a Sander, Leif E
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700 1 _ |a Sawitzki, Birgit
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700 1 _ |a Klingel, Karin
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700 1 _ |a Doeblin, Patrick
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700 1 _ |a Kelle, Sebastian
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700 1 _ |a Van Linthout, Sophie
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700 1 _ |a Hubner, Norbert
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700 1 _ |a Tschöpe, Carsten
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773 _ _ |a 10.1038/s44161-025-00612-6
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