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@ARTICLE{Martinet:299592,
      author       = {M. G. Martinet$^*$ and M. Thomas and J. Bojunga and M. W.
                      Pletz and M. J. G. T. Vehreschild and S. Würstle},
      title        = {{T}he landscape of biofilm models for phage therapy:
                      mimicking biofilms in diabetic foot ulcers using 3{D}
                      models.},
      journal      = {Frontiers in microbiology},
      volume       = {16},
      issn         = {1664-302X},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-00533},
      pages        = {1553979},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) affect up to $15-25\%$ of
                      patients suffering from diabetes and are considered a global
                      health concern. These ulcers may result in delayed wound
                      healing and chronic infections, with the potential to lead
                      to amputations. It has been estimated that $85\%$ of
                      diabetes-related amputations are preceded by a diagnosis of
                      DFU. A critical factor in the persistence of this disease is
                      the presence of polymicrobial biofilms, which generally
                      include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and
                      Escherichia coli. The involvement of diabetic comorbidities
                      such as ischemia, hyperglycemia, and immune-compromised
                      status creates a perfect niche for these bacteria to evade
                      the body's immune response and persist as biofilms.
                      Bacteriophage therapy can target and lyse specific bacteria
                      and is emerging as an effective treatment for
                      biofilm-related infections. While this treatment shows
                      promise in addressing chronic wounds, our current models,
                      including animal and static systems, fail to capture the
                      full complexity of DFU. Innovative approaches such as 3D
                      bioengineered skin models, organoid models, and
                      hydrogel-based systems are being developed to simulate DFU
                      microenvironments more accurately in 3D without using ex
                      vivo or animal tissues. These advanced models are critical
                      for evaluating bacteriophage efficacy in biofilm-associated
                      DFU, aiming to enhance preclinical assessments and improve
                      therapeutic outcomes for DFU patients.},
      subtyp        = {Review Article},
      keywords     = {3D models (Other) / bacteriophages (Other) / biofilm
                      (Other) / diabetic foot ulcers (Other) / phage therapy
                      (Other)},
      cin          = {FM01},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)FM01-20160331},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40066272},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC11891221},
      doi          = {10.3389/fmicb.2025.1553979},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/299592},
}