TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kampers, Linde F C
AU  - Metselaar, Dennis
AU  - Vinci, Maria
AU  - Scirocchi, Fabio
AU  - Veldhuijzen van Zanten, Sophie
AU  - Eyrich, Matthias
AU  - Biassoni, Veronica
AU  - Hulleman, Esther
AU  - Karremann, Michael
AU  - Stücker, Wilfried
AU  - Van Gool, Stefaan W
TI  - The Complexity of Malignant Glioma Treatment.
JO  - Cancers
VL  - 17
IS  - 5
SN  - 2072-6694
CY  - Basel
PB  - MDPI
M1  - DKFZ-2025-00538
SP  - 879
PY  - 2025
AB  - Malignant glioma is a highly aggressive, therapeutically non-responsive, and deadly disease with a unique tumor microenvironment (TME). Of the 14 currently recognized and described cancer hallmarks, five are especially implicated in malignant glioma and targetable with repurposed drugs: cancer stem-like cells, in general, and glioma stem-like cells in particular (GSCs), vascularization and hypoxia, metabolic reprogramming, tumor-promoting inflammation and sustained proliferative signaling. Each hallmark drives malignant glioma development, both individually and through interactions with other hallmarks, in which the TME plays a critical role. To combat the aggressive malignant glioma spatio-temporal heterogeneity driven by TME interactions, and to overcome its therapeutic challenges, a combined treatment strategy including anticancer therapies, repurposed drugs and multimodal immunotherapy should be the aim for future treatment approaches.
KW  - immunotherapy (Other)
KW  - malignant glioma (Other)
KW  - tumor microenvironment (Other)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:40075726
DO  - DOI:10.3390/cancers17050879
UR  - https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/299783
ER  -