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@ARTICLE{Chen:300115,
      author       = {L.-J. Chen$^*$ and C. Herder and R. Xie$^*$ and H.
                      Brenner$^*$ and B. Schöttker$^*$},
      title        = {{C}omparison of the metabolic profiles and their
                      cardiovascular event risks of metformin users versus insulin
                      users. {A} cohort study of people with type 2 diabetes from
                      the {UK} {B}iobank.},
      journal      = {Diabetes research and clinical practice},
      volume       = {222},
      issn         = {0168-8227},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-00613},
      pages        = {112108},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {#EA:C070#LA:C070#},
      abstract     = {The aims of this study were to compare the metabolic
                      profiles of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with metformin
                      and insulin monotherapy, to assess the associations of
                      metabolites with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)
                      distinctly for metformin-only and insulin-only users, and to
                      test for effect modification by the glucose-lowering
                      treatment.We included 3,058 metformin-only and 558
                      insulin-only users from the UK Biobank. Mean concentrations
                      of 249 metabolites of metformin and insulin users were
                      compared with Cohen's d, their associations with MACE were
                      assessed with Cox regression and interaction terms were
                      tested.Mean VLDL size, HDL size, and concentrations of large
                      and very large HDL molecules differed between insulin-only
                      and metformin-only users. Overall, 75 metabolomic biomarkers
                      were significantly associated with MACE in insulin-only
                      users and 57 in metformin-only users. Significant
                      interaction terms were observed between treatment group and
                      albumin (protective in metformin users only) and 86
                      lipids/fatty acids, which were all statistically
                      significantly associated with MACE among insulin users
                      only.Metformin and insulin users have different metabolic
                      profiles and a consistent pattern emerged that the metabolic
                      profile of metformin users is favorable compared to the one
                      of insulin users due to a lower associated MACE risk.},
      keywords     = {Diabetes mellitus (Other) / Insulin (Other) / Lipids
                      (Other) / Major adverse cardiovascular event (Other) /
                      Metabolomics (Other) / Metformin (Other)},
      cin          = {C070},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40122179},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112108},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/300115},
}