% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded. This means that in the presence % of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older. % Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or % “biber”. @ARTICLE{Glaser:300295, author = {S. Glaser and R. Wagener and H. Kretzmer and C. López and M. J. Baptista and S. Bens and S. Bernhart and K. Bhatia and A. Borkhardt and S. Elgaafary and S. Hoffmann and D. Hübschmann and M. Hummel and W. Klapper and J. Kolarova and M. Kreuz and S. Lazzi and M. Löffler and J. T. Navarro and J. Neequaye and N. Onyango and T. Onyuma and G. Ott and B. Radlwimmer$^*$ and M. Rohde and A. Rosenwald and M. Rosolowski and M. Schlesner and M. Szczepanowski and G. Tapia and W. Wößmann and R. Küppers$^*$ and L. Trümper and L. Leoncini and P. Lichter$^*$ and C. Del Val and O. Ammerpohl and B. Burkhardt and S. M. Mbulaiteye and R. Siebert and I. M. Consortium}, collaboration = {M. Project}, title = {{S}ubtyping {B}urkitt {L}ymphoma by {DNA} {M}ethylation.}, journal = {Genes, chromosomes $\&$ cancer}, volume = {64}, number = {4}, issn = {1045-2257}, address = {New York, NY}, publisher = {Wiley-Liss}, reportid = {DKFZ-2025-00748}, pages = {e70042}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive germinal center B-cell-derived malignancy. Historically, sporadic, endemic, and immunodeficiency-associated variants were distinguished, which differ in the frequency of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positivity. Aiming to identify subgroups based on DNA methylation patterns, we here profiled 96 BL cases, 17 BL cell lines, and six EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines using Illumina BeadChip arrays. DNA methylation analyses clustered the cases into four subgroups: two containing mostly EBV-positive cases (BL-mC1, BL-mC2) and two containing mostly EBV-negative cases (BL-mC3, BL-mC4). The subgroups BL-mC1/2, enriched for EBV-positive cases, showed increased DNA methylation, epigenetic age, and, in part, proliferation history compared to BL-mC3/4. CpGs hypermethylated in EBV-positive BLs were enriched for polycomb repressive complex 2 marks, while the CpGs hypomethylated in EBV-negative BLs were linked to, for example, B-cell receptor signaling. EBV-associated hypermethylation affected regulatory regions of genes frequently mutated in BL (e.g., CCND3, TP53) and impacted superenhancers. This finding suggests that hypermethylation may compensate for the lower mutational burden of pathogenic drivers in EBV-positive BLs. Though minor, significant differences were also observed between EBV-positive endemic and sporadic cases (e.g., at the SOX11 and RUNX1 loci). Our findings suggest that EBV status, rather than epidemiological variants, drives the DNA methylation-based subgrouping of BL.}, keywords = {Humans / Burkitt Lymphoma: genetics / Burkitt Lymphoma: classification / Burkitt Lymphoma: virology / Burkitt Lymphoma: pathology / DNA Methylation / Herpesvirus 4, Human: genetics / Epstein-Barr Virus Infections: genetics / Epstein-Barr Virus Infections: virology / Female / CpG Islands / Male / Child / Cell Line, Tumor / Adult / Epigenesis, Genetic / Child, Preschool / Middle Aged / Adolescent / Africa (Other) / Burkitt lymphoma (Other) / DNA methylation (Other) / Epstein–Barr virus (Other) / immunodeficiency (Other)}, cin = {B060 / ED01}, ddc = {610}, cid = {I:(DE-He78)B060-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)ED01-20160331}, pnm = {312 - Funktionelle und strukturelle Genomforschung (POF4-312)}, pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-312}, typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16}, pubmed = {pmid:40192513}, pmc = {pmc:PMC11974478}, doi = {10.1002/gcc.70042}, url = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/300295}, }