%0 Journal Article
%A Vonneilich, Nico
%A Becher, Heiko
%A Berger, Klaus
%A Bohmann, Patricia
%A Brenner, Hermann
%A Castell, Stefanie
%A Dragano, Nico
%A Harth, Volker
%A Jaskulski, Stefanie
%A Karch, André
%A Keil, Thomas
%A Krist, Lilian
%A Lange, Berit
%A Leitzmann, Michael
%A Massag, Janka
%A Meinke-Franze, Claudia
%A Mikolajczyk, Rafael
%A Obi, Nadia
%A Pischon, Tobias
%A Reuter, Marvin
%A Schmidt, Börge
%A Velásquez, Ilais Moreno
%A Völzke, Henry
%A Wiessner, Christian
%A von dem Knesebeck, Olaf
%A Lüdecke, Daniel
%T Depressive symptoms, education, gender and history of migration - an intersectional analysis using data from the German National Cohort (NAKO).
%J International journal for equity in health
%V 24
%N 1
%@ 1475-9276
%C London
%I BioMed Central
%M DKFZ-2025-00846
%P 108
%D 2025
%X The educational gradient in depressive symptoms is well documented. Gender and history of migration have also been found to be associated with depressive symptoms. Intersectional approaches enable the analysis of the interplay of different social factors at a time to gain a deeper understanding of inequalities in depressive symptoms. In this study, intersectional inequalities in depressive symptoms according to education, gender and history of migration are analysed.The German National Cohort (NAKO, N = 204,783) collected information on depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), which was used as an outcome variable. Educational attainment (ISCED-97), gender, and history of migration constituted the different social strata in the analyses. The predicted probabilities of depressive symptoms for 30 social strata were calculated. Multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) was applied, using logistic regression and social strata were introduced as higher-level unit interaction terms.The analyses revealed an educational gradient in depressive symptoms, with differences within each educational group when gender and history of migration were introduced to the models. The predicted probabilities of depressive symptoms varied between the most advantaged and the most disadvantaged social strata by more than 20
%K Humans
%K Germany: epidemiology
%K Male
%K Female
%K Educational Status
%K Depression: epidemiology
%K Adult
%K Middle Aged
%K Cohort Studies
%K Sex Factors
%K Socioeconomic Factors
%K Aged
%K Health Status Disparities
%K Depression (Other)
%K Educational inequalities (Other)
%K Gender (Other)
%K German national cohort (Other)
%K History of migration (Other)
%K Intersectional analysis (Other)
%K MAIHDA (Other)
%K NAKO (Other)
%F PUB:(DE-HGF)16
%9 Journal Article
%$ pmid:40259268
%R 10.1186/s12939-025-02479-2
%U https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/300632