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@ARTICLE{Gallinnis:300711,
      author       = {P. J. Gallinnis and R. Möller and A. Ljimani and Y. Cabuk
                      and M. Scheuer and C. Böttger and C. Liang and A. Nagel$^*$
                      and E. Bechler and H.-J. Wittsack and A. Müller-Lutz and B.
                      Kamp},
      title        = {{C}omparison of twelve-layer concentric object ({TLCO}) and
                      {L}ine segmentations methods to determine the renal
                      corticomedullary sodium gradient ({CMSG}) with a 3 {T}
                      {MRI}.},
      journal      = {Magnetic resonance in medicine},
      volume       = {94},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1522-2594},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-00891},
      pages        = {1318-1325},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {2025 Sep;94(3):1318-1325},
      abstract     = {23Na MRI is a functional imaging technique that facilitates
                      measurements of the renal corticomedullary sodium gradient
                      (CMSG). The CMSG can be determined by a region of interest
                      (ROI) in the renal parenchyma along the corticomedullary
                      axis (Line method) or by dividing the renal parenchyma into
                      concentric layers, using the twelve-layer concentric objects
                      (TLCO) method. The aim of this study was to investigate the
                      differences, strengths, and weaknesses in determining the
                      CMSG using these methods.Ten healthy volunteers were
                      examined on a 3 T MRI-system. 23Na images were acquired
                      using a double-tuned 23Na/1H surface coil and a golden angle
                      (GA) density-adapted 3D radial (DA-3D-RAD) sequence. The
                      CMSG was determined with the Line and TLCO methods. Intra-
                      and inter-reader analyses were performed by two
                      radiologists.The evaluated CMSG by the two methods does not
                      differ statistically significantly. Compared to the Line
                      method, the TLCO method provides improved results in terms
                      of reliability, precision, reproducibility, and concordance
                      in intra- and inter-reader analyses. A CMSG of (6.7 ± 2.6)
                      mM/mm was determined using the TLCO method in the
                      segmentation process with the lowest standard deviation.The
                      TLCO method shows superior performance in determining the
                      CMSG compared to the Line method. Accordingly, the use of
                      the TLCO method is recommended for future renal CMSG
                      studies.},
      keywords     = {corticomedullary 23Na gradient (Other) / kidney sodium MRI
                      (Other) / sodium MRI23Na MR imaging (Other) / twelve‐layer
                      concentric objects (TLCO) method (Other)},
      cin          = {E020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40294090},
      doi          = {10.1002/mrm.30525},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/300711},
}