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@ARTICLE{Ma:301314,
      author       = {Y. Ma and L. Kuebler$^*$ and S. Haas and A. Maurer and K.
                      Herfert},
      title        = {{I}mpact of {M}echanical {V}entilation and {A}nesthesia on
                      {PET} {T}racer {K}inetics for {C}ombined {PET}/f{MRI}
                      {S}tudies in {R}ats.},
      journal      = {Molecular imaging $\&$ biology},
      volume       = {27},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1536-1632},
      address      = {Cham},
      publisher    = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-00986},
      pages        = {313-323},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {2025 Jun;27(3):313-323},
      abstract     = {Positron Emission Tomography (PET), a crucial tool in
                      molecular brain imaging, has evolved into a hybrid system
                      through integration with functional MRI (fMRI). This
                      advancement facilitates the simultaneous recording of
                      molecular and functional data in animal models, offering
                      insights into neuroreceptor and neurotransmitter dynamics
                      and their effects on brain function. While mechanical
                      ventilation is often used in small animal fMRI to stabilize
                      physiological blood gas levels, its effects on PET tracer
                      kinetics remain underexplored.This study examines the
                      kinetics of [11C]raclopride, a dopamine-sensitive PET tracer
                      targeting D2/D3 receptors, under various respiratory
                      conditions and anesthesia protocols frequently used in small
                      animal fMRI and PET.Results indicate significant variations
                      in tracer kinetics: increased peak levels, a shorter time to
                      peak, and a faster tracer equilibrium in standard uptake
                      value ratio were observed in spontaneously breathing animals
                      versus those under mechanical ventilation. The anesthesia
                      type also strongly influenced the tracer kinetics:
                      α-chloralose anesthesia reduced brain uptake, whereas
                      isoflurane led to a more rapid equilibrium.These findings
                      underscore the profound impact of mechanical ventilation and
                      anesthesia selection on PET tracer kinetics in hybrid
                      PET/fMRI studies. The study highlights that those protocols
                      established for fMRI are not directly transferable to PET
                      imaging in small animals, emphasizing the necessity for a
                      careful investigation of the influence of anesthesia and
                      ventilation techniques on tracer kinetics.},
      keywords     = {Anesthesia (Other) / Mechanical ventilation (Other) /
                      Positron emission tomography (Other) / Tracer kinetics
                      (Other)},
      cin          = {TU01},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)TU01-20160331},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40369384},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11307-025-02006-3},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/301314},
}