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@ARTICLE{Jger:301905,
      author       = {S. Jäger and O. Kuxhaus and M. Prada and I. Huybrechts and
                      T. Y. N. Tong and N. G. Forouhi and C. Razquin and D.
                      Corella and M. A. Martinez-Gonzalez and C. C. Dahm and D. B.
                      Ibsen and A. Tjønneland and J. Halkjær and C. Marques and
                      C. Cadeau and X. Ren and V. Katzke$^*$ and B. Bendinelli and
                      C. Agnoli and A. Catalano and M. Farràs and M.-J. Sánchez
                      and M. D. C. López and M. Guevara and D. Aune and S. J.
                      Sharp and N. J. Wareham and M. B. Schulze},
      title        = {{N}ut consumption, linoleic and α-linolenic acid intakes,
                      and genetics: how fatty acid desaturase 1 impacts plasma
                      fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk in {EPIC}-{I}nter{A}ct
                      and {PREDIMED} studies.},
      journal      = {BMC medicine},
      volume       = {23},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1741-7015},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {BioMed Central},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-01175},
      pages        = {344},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Dietary guidelines recommend replacing saturated fatty acid
                      with unsaturated fats, particularly polyunsaturated fatty
                      acids. Cohort studies do not suggest a clear benefit of
                      higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids but, in
                      contrast, higher circulating linoleic acid (LA)
                      levels-reflective of dietary LA intake, are associated with
                      a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. However, genetic variants
                      in the fatty acid desaturase 1 gene (FADS1) may influence
                      individual responses to plant-based fats. We explored
                      whether FADS1 variants influence the relationships of LA and
                      α-linolenic acid (ALA) intakes and nut consumption with
                      plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles and type 2 diabetes
                      risk in a large-scale cohort study and a randomized
                      controlled trial.In the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort (7,498
                      type 2 diabetes cases, 10,087 subcohort participants), we
                      investigated interactions of dietary and plasma phospholipid
                      fatty acids and nut consumption with FADS1 rs174547 in
                      relation to incident type 2 diabetes using weighted Cox
                      regression. In PREDIMED (492 participants in the
                      Mediterranean Diet + Nuts intervention group, 436
                      participants in the control group), we compared changes in
                      plasma phospholipid FAs from baseline to year 1.In
                      EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED, nut consumption was positively
                      associated with LA plasma levels and inversely with
                      arachidonic acid, the latter becoming stronger with
                      increasing number of the minor rs174547 C allele (p
                      interaction EPIC-InterAct: 0.030, PREDIMED: 0.003). Although
                      the inverse association of nut consumption with diabetes
                      seemed stronger in participants with rs174547 CC-genotype
                      (HR: 0.73, $95\%$ CI: 0.54-1.00) compared with CT (0.94,
                      0.81-1.10) or TT (0.90, 0.78-1.05) in EPIC-InterAct, this
                      interaction was not statistically significant.FADS1
                      variation modified the effect of nut consumption on
                      circulating FAs. We did not observe clear evidence that it
                      modified the association between nut consumption and type 2
                      diabetes risk.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2: genetics / Diabetes
                      Mellitus, Type 2: blood / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2:
                      epidemiology / Fatty Acid Desaturases: genetics / Delta-5
                      Fatty Acid Desaturase / alpha-Linolenic Acid: administration
                      $\&$ dosage / Male / Female / Linoleic Acid: administration
                      $\&$ dosage / Linoleic Acid: blood / Middle Aged / Aged /
                      Nuts / Fatty Acids: blood / Cohort Studies / Polymorphism,
                      Single Nucleotide / Risk Factors / Cohort study (Other) /
                      Fatty acid desaturase (Other) / Plasma phospholipid fatty
                      acids (Other) / Polyunsaturated fatty acids (Other) /
                      Randomized controlled trial (Other) / Fatty Acid Desaturases
                      (NLM Chemicals) / Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase (NLM
                      Chemicals) / FADS1 protein, human (NLM Chemicals) /
                      alpha-Linolenic Acid (NLM Chemicals) / Linoleic Acid (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Fatty Acids (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40484934},
      doi          = {10.1186/s12916-025-04187-8},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/301905},
}