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@ARTICLE{ZitzmannKolbe:302864,
      author       = {S. Zitzmann-Kolbe and Y. Remde$^*$ and I. Moen and B. Madas
                      and L. Mázik and F. Suurs and S. Happel and M. Schäfer$^*$
                      and C. Schatz and H. Tas$^*$ and U. B. Hagemann and M.
                      Benesova-Schäfer$^*$},
      title        = {{B}iodistribution of free {F}rancium-221 and {B}ismuth-213
                      in {T}umour-bearing {SCID} mice after successful development
                      of {A}ctinium-225/{F}rancium-221 radionuclide generator
                      {S}et-up.},
      journal      = {European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging},
      volume       = {nn},
      issn         = {1619-7070},
      address      = {Heidelberg [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer-Verl.},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-01404},
      pages        = {nn},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {#LA:E270# / epub},
      abstract     = {Despite the clinical evidence of actinium-225 (225Ac)-based
                      targeted alpha therapies (TαT) efficacy, optimized
                      treatment regimens are needed to improve overall clinical
                      response rates and decrease toxicities. The nuclear recoil
                      effect of 225Ac and its resulting daughter nuclides have
                      been hypothesized to contribute to non-targeted damage.
                      However, a lack of generator concepts for radionuclidically
                      pure francium-221 (221Fr), involvement of strong acids for
                      elution, and its short half-life (4.8 min), has limited in
                      vivo studies. Here, we report on a successful application of
                      an 225Ac/221Fr generator concept and the in vivo
                      distribution of 221Fr and bismuth-213 (213Bi).The
                      immobilization of 225Ac and elution of 221Fr was performed
                      on a LN2 resin column. The biodistribution of 221Fr and
                      213Bi was investigated in male SCID mice with LNCaP tumors
                      at 5 and 15 min p.i.Our results indicate that LN2 resin is a
                      highly efficient resin for selective separation of 225Ac and
                      221Fr. The use of 0.1 M NaOAc enabled continuous elution at
                      a constant pH. The biodistribution study revealed a fast
                      distribution of 221Fr and 213Bi already 5 min p.i. We
                      observed a strong accumulation of 221Fr to the kidneys,
                      salivary glands and small intestine. In 213Bi-injected mice,
                      the highest accumulation was in kidney and liver.We present
                      an unprecedented concept utilizing LN2 resin in 225Ac/221Fr
                      generator applications. Successfully eluted and injected
                      221Fr fractions showed strong accumulation of 221Fr and
                      213Bi in key organs. Our data provide preliminary evidence
                      of the potential contribution of recoiled progeny
                      radionuclides to side-effects in non-targeted organs.},
      keywords     = {Actinium-225 (Other) / Bismuth-213 (Other) / Francium-221
                      (Other) / Radionuclide generators (Other) /
                      Radionuclide-specific organ accumulation (Other) / Targeted
                      alpha therapies (Other)},
      cin          = {W630 / E270},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)W630-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)E270-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40590903},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00259-025-07427-4},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/302864},
}