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@ARTICLE{Oswald:302886,
      author       = {L. Oswald$^*$ and J. Rauch$^*$ and F. B. Laun and M.
                      Ladd$^*$ and T. A. Kuder$^*$},
      title        = {{S}patially resolved diffusion pore imaging using k-space
                      readout.},
      journal      = {Magnetic resonance imaging},
      volume       = {122},
      issn         = {0730-725X},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-01426},
      pages        = {110455},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {#EA:E020#LA:E020#},
      abstract     = {Nuclear magnetic resonance diffusion methods are powerful
                      tools for investigating the underlying structure of
                      materials or tissues. Diffusion pore imaging (DPI) provides
                      access to information about the geometric shape of pores
                      containing diffusible substances. This technique yields an
                      averaged image of the pores present in the imaging volume
                      and enables measurements at a scale much smaller than that
                      of conventional MR imaging. For applications in
                      non-homogeneous materials such as biological tissues or
                      heterogeneous porous media, the integration of a second
                      spatial encoding step is essential to distinguish pore
                      shapes in different regions of the measurement volume. Here,
                      we present a combination of two-dimensional q-space and
                      two-dimensional k-space acquisition on a Bruker 9.4 T small
                      animal scanner. A 2D pore space function is reconstructed in
                      each image voxel obtained from k-space. The long-narrow
                      sequence scheme necessary for DPI was extended with a
                      conventional k-space imaging readout to fill both k- and
                      q-space. A conventional spin-echo approach with a single
                      refocusing pulse was employed. From two different regions of
                      interest, the sizes of capillaries with inner diameters of
                      15 μm and 20 μm, respectively, present in a phantom could
                      be estimated from one- and two-dimensional projections of
                      the pore space function. Simulations using the multiple
                      correlation function approach exhibit good agreement with
                      the measured one-dimensional pore space functions. Existing
                      residual phases in the measurement data were corrected using
                      phase reference measurements in a structureless oil phantom.
                      In summary, spatially resolved pore imaging allows for the
                      reconstruction of pore shapes in specific regions of
                      interest, reinforcing the potential of DPI to non-invasively
                      explore cellular structure. This study demonstrates the
                      ability to reveal the voxel-averaged shape of pore
                      distributions within a single DPI measurement on a
                      preclinical MR scanner.},
      keywords     = {Diffusion pore imaging (Other) / Diffusion weighting
                      (Other) / Pore sizes (Other) / Sequence design (Other)},
      cin          = {E020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40633855},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.mri.2025.110455},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/302886},
}