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@ARTICLE{Langer:303014,
      author       = {S. Langer and D. Medenwald and D. Vordermark and W.
                      Schuette and K.-M. Deppermann and M. Nothacker and S.
                      Eggeling and L. Efremov$^*$},
      title        = {{T}herapeutic modalities for superior sulcus tumor
                      ({P}ancoast) tumor - {A} systematic review.},
      journal      = {Lung cancer},
      volume       = {206},
      issn         = {0169-5002},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-01461},
      pages        = {108640},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {#LA:C020#},
      abstract     = {Superior sulcus tumors (SST) are usually treated with
                      multimodal therapy, mainly trimodal therapy encompassing
                      radiochemotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery. However,
                      high-level evidence from randomized trials remains limited.
                      We conducted a systematic review to assess the evidence of
                      treatment strategies considering adverse events and
                      oncologic outcomes.We systematically searched MEDLINE,
                      CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, grey literature
                      databases, and clinical trial registries. We included
                      prospective and retrospective studies published between 1990
                      and 2024 with mono-, bi- or trimodal treatment reporting
                      outcomes such as overall survival (OS), progression-free
                      survival (PFS), resection rates, postoperative
                      mortality/morbidity, and adverse events. Studies required
                      histologically confirmed SST and a minimum of 30
                      patients.Thirty-five studies were included (28
                      retrospective, 7 prospective), with follow-up ranging from
                      10 to 107 months. Most studies originated from Europe (n =
                      16) and North America (n = 14). Sample sizes ranged from 30
                      to 2910 patients, predominantly male and aged in the late
                      50s to early 60s. Induction CRT protocols varied widely. R0
                      resection rates were reported in 33 studies, and trimodal
                      therapy outcomes in 12. Hematotoxicity and esophagitis were
                      the most common adverse events. Five-year OS rates varied
                      between 11.8 $\%$ and 77 $\%,$ with trimodal therapy
                      associated with better survival and distant metastasis as
                      the dominant recurrence pattern. There were no studies
                      addressing immunotherapy.While trimodal therapy remains the
                      guideline-endorsed standard for SST, comparative evidence
                      remains sparse. The role of immunotherapy in induction
                      regimens warrants further investigation.},
      subtyp        = {Review Article},
      keywords     = {Lung cancer (Other) / NSCLC (Other) / Radiochemotherapy
                      (Other) / Sulcus superior tumor (Other) / Systematic review
                      (Other)},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40651130},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.lungcan.2025.108640},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/303014},
}