000303037 001__ 303037 000303037 005__ 20250903151712.0 000303037 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1038/s44318-025-00505-1 000303037 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:40691417 000303037 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0261-4189 000303037 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1460-2075 000303037 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:179550715 000303037 037__ $$aDKFZ-2025-01484 000303037 041__ $$aEnglish 000303037 082__ $$a570 000303037 1001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)dcb4fcc0e7ab417ecc239414c62f6bb7$$aFiglia, Gianluca$$b0$$eFirst author$$udkfz 000303037 245__ $$amTORC1 senses glutamine and other amino acids through GCN2. 000303037 260__ $$a[London]$$bNature Publishing Group UK$$c2025 000303037 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000303037 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000303037 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1756905394_19156 000303037 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000303037 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000303037 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000303037 500__ $$a#EA:B140#LA:B140# / 2025 Sep;44(17):4825-4866 000303037 520__ $$amTORC1 promotes cell growth when nutrients such as amino acids are available. While dedicated sensors relaying availability of leucine, arginine and methionine to mTORC1 have been identified, it is still unclear how mTORC1 senses glutamine, one of its most potent inducers. Here, we find that glutamine is entirely sensed through the protein kinase GCN2, whose initial activation is not triggered by depletion of glutamine itself, but by the concomitant depletion of asparagine. In turn, GCN2 leads to a succession of events that additively inhibit mTORC1: within 1 h, GCN2 inhibits mTORC1 through the Rag GTPases, independently of its function as an eIF2α kinase. Later, GCN2-mediated induction of ATF4 upregulates Ddit4 followed by Sestrin2, which together cause additional mTORC1 inhibition. Additionally, we find that depletion of virtually any other amino acid also inhibits mTORC1 through GCN2. 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