% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded. This means that in the presence % of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older. % Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or % “biber”. @ARTICLE{Fischer:303504, author = {T. Fischer$^*$ and K. Maass$^*$ and M. Schoof and P. Puranachot and P. Sievers$^*$ and S. Montigel$^*$ and T. Fluhr and A. El Damaty and A. Seitz and S. Harrabi and K. Schramm$^*$ and D. Sturm$^*$ and D. Jones$^*$ and S. Pfister$^*$ and O. Witt$^*$ and C. M. van Tilburg$^*$ and T. Milde$^*$ and U. Schüller and K. Pajtler$^*$}, title = {{C}erebrospinal fluid liquid biopsy guides differential diagnosis of relapsed medulloblastoma versus secondary glioma: {A} case report of a pediatric patient enrolled on a {PDGFRA} inhibitor trial.}, journal = {Neuro-oncology advances}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, issn = {2632-2498}, address = {Oxford}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, reportid = {DKFZ-2025-01695}, pages = {vdaf110}, year = {2025}, note = {#EA:B062#LA:B062#}, abstract = {Liquid biopsies have the potential to substantially transform clinical oncology, but their technical applicability and clinical utility in pediatric neuro-oncology remain to be explored. Here, we present a case of a medulloblastoma patient in which a cerebrospinal fluid liquid biopsy provided an accurate molecular tumor classification of a secondary glioma during follow-up. Using Nanopore sequencing and low-coverage whole genome sequencing pipelines optimized for cell-free DNA, the liquid biopsy revealed a PDGFRA amplification and DNA methylation-based tumor classification consistent with a secondary glioma. These findings guided the tumor board's differential diagnosis of medulloblastoma relapse versus secondary glioma. Notably, the rapid turnaround time of the Nanopore sequencing results enabled timely preparation for enrollment in a PDGFRA inhibitor trial while awaiting confirmatory results from the tissue biopsy. This case exemplifies the advancing frontier of liquid biopsies and provides the rationale for prospective implementation in larger case series and clinical trials in pediatric neuro-oncology.}, keywords = {cell-free DNA (Other) / cerebrospinal fluid liquid biopsy (Other) / molecular biomarkers (Other) / pediatric neuro-oncology (Other) / secondary glioma (Other)}, cin = {B062 / HD01 / B300 / B360 / B310}, ddc = {610}, cid = {I:(DE-He78)B062-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)HD01-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)B300-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)B360-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)B310-20160331}, pnm = {312 - Funktionelle und strukturelle Genomforschung (POF4-312)}, pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-312}, typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16}, pubmed = {pmid:40800122}, pmc = {pmc:PMC12342540}, doi = {10.1093/noajnl/vdaf110}, url = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/303504}, }