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000304503 1001_ $$00009-0003-0139-0098$$aBerden, Jeroen$$b0
000304503 245__ $$aQuantifying the Environmental and Food Biodiversity Impacts of Ultra-Processed Foods - Evidence from the EPIC Study.
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000304503 520__ $$aWhile associations of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption with adverse health outcomes are accruing, its environmental and food biodiversity impacts remain underexplored. This study examines associations between UPF consumption and dietary greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe), land use, and food biodiversity.Prospective cohort study. Linear mixed models estimated associations between UPF intake (grams/day and kcal/day) and GHGe (kg CO₂-equivalents/day), land use (m2/day), and dietary species richness (DSR). Substitution analyses assessed the impact of replacing UPFs with unprocessed or minimally processed foods.368,733 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.Europe.Stronger associations were found for UPF consumption in relation with GHGe and land use compared to unprocessed or minimally processed food consumption. Substituting UPFs with unprocessed or minimally processed foods was associated with lower GHGe (8.9%; 95%CI: -9.0; -8.9) and land use (9.3%; -9.5; -9.2) when considering consumption by gram per day and higher GHGe (2.6%; 95% CI: 2.5: 2.6) and land use (1.2%; 1.0; 1.3) when considering consumption in kilocalories per day. Substituting UPF by unprocessed or minimally processed foods led to negligible differences in DSR, both for consumption in grams (-0.1%; -0.2; -0.1) and kilocalories (1.0%; 1.0; 1.1).UPF consumption was strongly associated with GHGe and land use as compared to unprocessed or minimally processed food consumption, while associations with food biodiversity were marginal. Substituting UPFs with unprocessed or minimally processed foods resulted in differing directions of associations with environmental impacts, depending on whether substitutions were weight- or calorie-based.
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000304503 650_7 $$2Other$$aenvironmental impact
000304503 650_7 $$2Other$$afood biodiversity
000304503 650_7 $$2Other$$afood processing
000304503 650_7 $$2Other$$aultra-processed foods
000304503 7001_ $$aHanley-Cook, Giles T$$b1
000304503 7001_ $$aChimera, Bernadette$$b2
000304503 7001_ $$aAune, Dagfinn$$b3
000304503 7001_ $$00000-0003-4928-0851$$aPinho, Maria Gabriela M$$b4
000304503 7001_ $$aNicolas, Geneviève$$b5
000304503 7001_ $$aSrour, Bernard$$b6
000304503 7001_ $$aMillett, Christopher J$$b7
000304503 7001_ $$aKoc Cakmak, Emine$$b8
000304503 7001_ $$aKesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle$$b9
000304503 7001_ $$aGonzález-Gil, Esther M$$b10
000304503 7001_ $$aVamos, Eszter P$$b11
000304503 7001_ $$aBlanco Lopez, Jessica$$b12
000304503 7001_ $$aBaudry, Julia$$b13
000304503 7001_ $$00000-0002-5834-7088$$aBerlivet, Justine$$b14
000304503 7001_ $$aChang, Kiara$$b15
000304503 7001_ $$aTouvier, Mathilde$$b16
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000304503 7001_ $$aMarques, Chloé$$b18
000304503 7001_ $$00000-0003-0481-2893$$aDahm, Christina C$$b19
000304503 7001_ $$aIbsen, Daniel B$$b20
000304503 7001_ $$aJannasch, Franziska$$b21
000304503 7001_ $$00000-0003-2476-4251$$aSkeie, Guri$$b22
000304503 7001_ $$aSanchez, Maria-José$$b23
000304503 7001_ $$aSchulze, Matthias B$$b24
000304503 7001_ $$aGrioni, Sara$$b25
000304503 7001_ $$avan der Schouw, Yvonne T$$b26
000304503 7001_ $$aJimenez Zabala, Ana M$$b27
000304503 7001_ $$aWinkvist, Anna$$b28
000304503 7001_ $$aTjønneland, Anne$$b29
000304503 7001_ $$aSacerdote, Carlotta$$b30
000304503 7001_ $$aKyrø, Cecilie$$b31
000304503 7001_ $$aWeiderpass, Elisabette$$b32
000304503 7001_ $$aGuevara, Marcela$$b33
000304503 7001_ $$aFrenoy, Pauline$$b34
000304503 7001_ $$aTumino, Rosario$$b35
000304503 7001_ $$aPanico, Salvatore$$b36
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000304503 7001_ $$aRen, Xuan$$b38
000304503 7001_ $$aVineis, Paolo$$b39
000304503 7001_ $$aFerrari, Pietro$$b40
000304503 7001_ $$00000-0002-1389-8855$$aLachat, Carl$$b41
000304503 7001_ $$aHuybrechts, Inge$$b42
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