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000304511 245__ $$aOral Lachnoanaerobaculum Levels and Survival in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer.
000304511 260__ $$aChicago, Ill.$$bAmerican Medical Association$$c2025
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000304511 520__ $$aThe oral microbiome plays a critical role in cancer treatment responses, yet its influence on outcomes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) undergoing (chemo)radiotherapy remains poorly understood. Identifying specific microbiome signatures associated with treatment effectiveness could provide novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.To investigate the association between salivary Lachnoanaerobaculum spp abundance and treatment outcomes in patients with HNSCC undergoing (chemo)radiotherapy and to explore potential mechanisms.This prognostic study analyzed saliva samples from patients with HNSCC who were enrolled in 2 independent prospective biomarker studies (SALIVA and ZissTrans) and underwent definitive (chemo)radiotherapy. Oral microbiome composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were evaluated via immunohistochemistry in patients with available data. Findings were further assessed using data from The Cancer Microbiome Atlas and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Sample collection occurred from 2008 to 2011 (SALIVA) and from 2017 to 2022 (ZissTrans), and the data for this study were analyzed from July to December 2024.Definitive (chemo)radiotherapy.The primary outcome was locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and a secondary outcome was overall survival (OS). Additional secondary analyses evaluated the association between Lachnoanaerobaculum spp levels and TIL levels, and the incidence of severe radiation-induced oral mucositis.The analysis included 92 patients with HNSCC (mean [SD] age, 61.1 [7.9] years; 15 female [16.3%] 77 male [83.7%] individuals) and found that higher Lachnoanaerobaculum spp abundance was associated with substantially improved LRFS (median, 69 vs 11 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.50; 95% CI, 0.29-0.86) and OS (median, 75 vs 27 months; HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.30-0.98). This finding was confirmed by multivariable Cox regression (LRFS: HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.25-1.00; OS: HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16-0.85). TILs were evaluated in 76 patients (82.2%) and showed that increased Lachnoanaerobaculum spp levels were associated with higher CD4-positive and CD8-positive TIL counts. Lachnoanaerobaculum spp abundance showed no meaningful association with severe radiation-induced oral mucositis. Data from The Cancer Microbiome Atlas (n = 157) indicated that higher intratumoral Lachnoanaerobaculum spp levels were associated with improved OS (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39-0.98). Transcriptomic analyses in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort further supported an immune-stimulated tumor microenvironment in Lachnoanaerobaculum-high tumors.This prognostic study found that higher salivary Lachnoanaerobaculum spp abundance was associated with improved tumor control and survival in patients with HNSCC undergoing (chemo)radiotherapy. These findings support further investigation into microbiome-targeted interventions to improve HNSCC treatment effectiveness.
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000304511 7001_ $$aKrausz, Máté$$b1
000304511 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMonroy Ordonez, Elsa Beatriz$$b2
000304511 7001_ $$aHeyer, Jannis$$b3
000304511 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aThomsen, Andreas R$$b4
000304511 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchäfer, Henning$$b5
000304511 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)4a6ee21a126327649b526280172cffaf$$aKafkaletos, Athanasios$$b6$$udkfz
000304511 7001_ $$aBronsert, Peter$$b7
000304511 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKesselring, Rebecca$$b8
000304511 7001_ $$aAl-Ahmad, Ali$$b9
000304511 7001_ $$aSchlueter, Nadine$$b10
000304511 7001_ $$aWüster, Jonas$$b11
000304511 7001_ $$aKnopf, Andreas$$b12
000304511 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGrosu, Anca-Ligia$$b13
000304511 7001_ $$aProietti, Michele$$b14
000304511 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)b3b156ddd0a0ef66a425db6498d9f961$$aHenke, Michaela$$b15
000304511 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)21895c3cfd2bfc2413e4d380cffa11fc$$aBerlin, Christopher$$b16
000304511 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)8d52e7ff1ccaac7dbf0232fdcb0168bd$$aNicolay, Nils H$$b17$$udkfz
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