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@ARTICLE{Rhle:304511,
      author       = {A. Rühle$^*$ and M. Krausz and E. B. Monroy Ordonez$^*$
                      and J. Heyer and A. R. Thomsen$^*$ and H. Schäfer$^*$ and
                      A. Kafkaletos$^*$ and P. Bronsert and R. Kesselring$^*$ and
                      A. Al-Ahmad and N. Schlueter and J. Wüster and A. Knopf and
                      A.-L. Grosu$^*$ and M. Proietti and M. Henke$^*$ and C.
                      Berlin$^*$ and N. H. Nicolay$^*$},
      title        = {{O}ral {L}achnoanaerobaculum {L}evels and {S}urvival in
                      {P}atients {W}ith {H}ead and {N}eck {C}ancer.},
      journal      = {JAMA otolaryngology - head $\&$ neck surgery},
      volume       = {nn},
      issn         = {2168-6181},
      address      = {Chicago, Ill.},
      publisher    = {American Medical Association},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-01899},
      pages        = {nn},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {epub},
      abstract     = {The oral microbiome plays a critical role in cancer
                      treatment responses, yet its influence on outcomes in
                      patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)
                      undergoing (chemo)radiotherapy remains poorly understood.
                      Identifying specific microbiome signatures associated with
                      treatment effectiveness could provide novel prognostic
                      biomarkers and therapeutic targets.To investigate the
                      association between salivary Lachnoanaerobaculum spp
                      abundance and treatment outcomes in patients with HNSCC
                      undergoing (chemo)radiotherapy and to explore potential
                      mechanisms.This prognostic study analyzed saliva samples
                      from patients with HNSCC who were enrolled in 2 independent
                      prospective biomarker studies (SALIVA and ZissTrans) and
                      underwent definitive (chemo)radiotherapy. Oral microbiome
                      composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
                      Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were evaluated via
                      immunohistochemistry in patients with available data.
                      Findings were further assessed using data from The Cancer
                      Microbiome Atlas and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Sample
                      collection occurred from 2008 to 2011 (SALIVA) and from 2017
                      to 2022 (ZissTrans), and the data for this study were
                      analyzed from July to December 2024.Definitive
                      (chemo)radiotherapy.The primary outcome was locoregional
                      recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and a secondary outcome was
                      overall survival (OS). Additional secondary analyses
                      evaluated the association between Lachnoanaerobaculum spp
                      levels and TIL levels, and the incidence of severe
                      radiation-induced oral mucositis.The analysis included 92
                      patients with HNSCC (mean [SD] age, 61.1 [7.9] years; 15
                      female $[16.3\%]$ 77 male $[83.7\%]$ individuals) and found
                      that higher Lachnoanaerobaculum spp abundance was associated
                      with substantially improved LRFS (median, 69 vs 11 months;
                      hazard ratio [HR], 0.50; $95\%$ CI, 0.29-0.86) and OS
                      (median, 75 vs 27 months; HR, 0.54; $95\%$ CI, 0.30-0.98).
                      This finding was confirmed by multivariable Cox regression
                      (LRFS: HR, 0.50; $95\%$ CI, 0.25-1.00; OS: HR, 0.37; $95\%$
                      CI, 0.16-0.85). TILs were evaluated in 76 patients
                      $(82.2\%)$ and showed that increased Lachnoanaerobaculum spp
                      levels were associated with higher CD4-positive and
                      CD8-positive TIL counts. Lachnoanaerobaculum spp abundance
                      showed no meaningful association with severe
                      radiation-induced oral mucositis. Data from The Cancer
                      Microbiome Atlas (n = 157) indicated that higher
                      intratumoral Lachnoanaerobaculum spp levels were associated
                      with improved OS (HR, 0.62; $95\%$ CI, 0.39-0.98).
                      Transcriptomic analyses in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort
                      further supported an immune-stimulated tumor
                      microenvironment in Lachnoanaerobaculum-high tumors.This
                      prognostic study found that higher salivary
                      Lachnoanaerobaculum spp abundance was associated with
                      improved tumor control and survival in patients with HNSCC
                      undergoing (chemo)radiotherapy. These findings support
                      further investigation into microbiome-targeted interventions
                      to improve HNSCC treatment effectiveness.},
      cin          = {FR01},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)FR01-20160331},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40932704},
      doi          = {10.1001/jamaoto.2025.2816},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/304511},
}