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@ARTICLE{IyyappanValsala:305345,
      author       = {P. Iyyappan Valsala and R. Pohmann and R. Heule and G. A.
                      Solomakha and N. I. Avdievich and J. Engelmann and L.
                      Kuebler$^*$ and A. Martins$^*$ and K. Scheffler},
      title        = {{H}igh-resolution deuterium metabolic imaging of the human
                      brain at 9.4 {T} using phase-cycled balanced {SSFP}
                      spectral-spatial acquisitions.},
      journal      = {Magnetic resonance in medicine},
      volume       = {nn},
      issn         = {1522-2594},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-02089},
      pages        = {nn},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {epub},
      abstract     = {The aim was to improve the sensitivity and robustness
                      against B0 inhomogeneities of deuterium metabolic imaging
                      (DMI) using phase-cycled balanced SSFP (bSSFP) methods at
                      9.4 T.We investigated two variants of phase-cycled bSSFP
                      acquisitions, namely uniformly weighted multi-echo and
                      acquisition-weighted chemical shift imaging (CSI) to improve
                      the SNR of DMI in the brain after oral [6,6'-2H2]-glucose
                      intake. Phase-cycling was introduced to reduce the
                      off-resonance sensitivity of bSSFP, incurring a moderate SNR
                      loss. Two SNR optimal methods for obtaining metabolite
                      amplitudes from the phase-cycled bSSFP data were proposed.
                      The SNR performance of the two bSSFP variants was compared
                      with the SNR-optimized vendor's standard CSI. Additionally,
                      in vivo T1 and T2 of deuterium metabolites were
                      estimated.High-resolution whole-brain dynamic DMI maps were
                      obtained for all acquisitions. The CSI variant of
                      phase-cycled bSSFP achieved an average SNR increase of
                      $16\%$ and $25\%$ for glucose and glutamate + glutamine
                      (Glx), respectively, compared to the SNR-optimized vendor's
                      standard CSI. Phase-cycling improved the bSSFP metabolite
                      estimation and provided additional spectral encoding at the
                      cost of a $10\%$ to $20\%$ SNR loss. Compared to the CSI
                      variant of bSSFP acquisition, the multi-echo variant
                      exhibited up to $35\%$ lower SNR performance because of
                      uniform k-space weighting and less efficient readout.
                      However, it achieved higher resolutions than
                      acquisition-weighted CSI protocols and showed several
                      qualitative improvements.We demonstrated the feasibility of
                      using two phase-cycled bSSFP acquisitions for off-resonance
                      insensitive high-resolution [6,6'-2H2]-glucose DMI studies
                      in the human brain. bSSFP acquisitions have potential to
                      improve the sensitivity of DMI despite the SNR loss of
                      phase-cycling and other human scanner constraints.},
      keywords     = {IDEAL (Other) / SNR (Other) / bSSFP (Other) / deuterium
                      metabolic imaging (Other) / ultra‐high‐field (Other)},
      cin          = {TU01},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)TU01-20160331},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41078150},
      doi          = {DOI:10.1002/mrm.70114},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/305345},
}