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@ARTICLE{Brenner:305585,
      author       = {H. Brenner$^*$ and T. Holland-Letz$^*$ and A.
                      Kopp-Schneider$^*$ and T. Heisser$^*$ and M.
                      Hoffmeister$^*$},
      title        = {{E}arly-detection and prevention effects of screening
                      sigmoidoscopy: evidence from randomized trials revisited.},
      journal      = {Journal of the National Cancer Institute},
      volume       = {nn},
      issn         = {0027-8874},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Oxford Univ. Press},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-02244},
      pages        = {nn},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {ISSN 1460-2105 / #EA:M320#LA:C070# / epub},
      abstract     = {Large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have
                      established compelling evidence that screening by flexible
                      sigmoidoscopy reduces colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence.
                      Reported incidence results include cancers that were already
                      prevalent and yet undiagnosed, but no longer preventable at
                      screening. We aimed to derive, disentangle and fully
                      disclose early-detection and long-term prevention effects of
                      screening sigmoidoscopy from published trial results.We used
                      data from three large-scale RCTs from the United Kingdom
                      (UKFSST), Italy (SCORE) and the US (PLCO), which included a
                      total number of 359,198 participants. For each trial and
                      each length of follow-up, we derived the numbers and
                      proportions of CRC cases that were either early detected or
                      prevented among screening attenders.In the UKFSST, which
                      reported the longest follow-up data, screening sigmoidoscopy
                      prevented $64\%$ $(95\%$ CI $59-69\%)$ of incident distal
                      CRC that would have been expected in the absence of
                      screening during a median of 21.3 years. Within follow-up
                      periods between 10 and 12 years, the proportions of distal
                      CRC cases that were either early-detected or prevented among
                      screening users ranged between $67\%$ $(95\%$ CI $61-72\%)$
                      in the PLCO and $80\%$ $(95\%$ CI $68-89\%)$ in the SCORE
                      trial, with approximately equal shares of early-detected and
                      prevented cases in the SCORE and the PLCO trials, and a
                      higher share of prevented cases in the UKFSST.A single
                      screening sigmoidoscopy prevents two out of three incident
                      cancers in the distal colon and rectum over a period of more
                      than 20 years, on top of early-detecting prevalent cases at
                      screening.},
      cin          = {M320 / C060 / C070},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)M320-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C060-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41165595},
      doi          = {10.1093/jnci/djaf313},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/305585},
}