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@ARTICLE{His:305636,
      author       = {M. His and A. Fournier and T. Truong and A. Gelot and A.-S.
                      Navionis and C. Biessy and P. Ferrari and A. Tjønneland and
                      R. Kaaks$^*$ and R. T. Fortner$^*$ and M. B. Schulze and G.
                      Masala and S. Sieri and R. Tumino and A. Catalano and I. T.
                      Gram and K. S. Olsen and C. Castro-Espin and M. Guevara and
                      A. Aizpurua Atxega and M.-D. Chilarque and S. Tin Tin and A.
                      Heath and S. Christakoudi and E. K. Aglago and M. J. Gunter
                      and S. Rinaldi},
      title        = {{P}rospective evaluation of circulating plasma thyroid
                      hormones concentrations and breast cancer risk in the {EPIC}
                      cohort.},
      journal      = {EBioMedicine},
      volume       = {121},
      issn         = {2352-3964},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-02278},
      pages        = {106011},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Hyperthyroidism has been associated with increased risk of
                      breast cancer and in vitro studies have shown that thyroid
                      hormones may influence breast tumorigenesis. We aimed to
                      study associations between prediagnostic circulating thyroid
                      hormone concentrations and breast cancer risk.We evaluated
                      associations between breast cancer risk and circulating
                      concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free
                      triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), fT3/fT4 ratio,
                      and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) positivity, in
                      plasma samples from 1518 invasive breast cancer cases
                      (diagnosed between 2 and 14 years after blood collection)
                      and 1518 matched controls from a case-control study nested
                      in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and
                      Nutrition (EPIC) cohort using validated immunoassays.
                      Conditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate
                      associations with breast cancer, with adjustment for
                      established breast cancer risk factors.In fully adjusted
                      models, fT3 (ORper standard deviation (SD) $(95\%$ CI) =
                      1.16 (1.05-1.29)) and fT4 (ORper SD = 1.11 (1.01-1.22))
                      concentrations were positively associated with breast cancer
                      risk. For fT3, the association was stronger for
                      HER2-positive tumours (HER2+: ORper SD = 1.59 (1.20-2.11);
                      HER2-: ORper SD = 1.10 (0.98-1.23)) compared to other tumour
                      types (P-heterogeneity = 0.01). TSH concentrations, fT3/fT4
                      ratio, and TPO-Ab positivity were not associated with breast
                      cancer risk.In this large-scale study, higher prediagnostic
                      circulating fT3 and fT4 concentrations were associated with
                      increased breast cancer risk, particularly for HER2-positive
                      tumours. Confirming these findings is critical to achieving
                      a better understanding of the associations between thyroid
                      function and breast cancer risk, which may inform
                      personalised prevention.This work was funded by the French
                      National Cancer Institute (grant number 2018-118).},
      keywords     = {Breast cancer (Other) / Prospective study (Other) / Thyroid
                      hormones (Other) / Thyroid-stimulating hormone (Other)},
      cin          = {C020 / C180},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C180-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41187615},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.106011},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/305636},
}