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@ARTICLE{Mehl:306598,
      author       = {C. Mehl and O. A. Adeyemi and F. J. Möhrer and C. Wylezich
                      and S. Sander and K. Schmidt$^*$ and C. Geiger and N.
                      Schauerte and S. Wurr and K. Mätz-Rensing and A. Nesseler
                      and T. A. von Graffenried and A. Parker Morgan and L.
                      Oestereich and S. Günther and M. Beer and C. Klein and D.
                      Cadar and R. Kerber and D. Höper and S. Reiche and G.
                      Heckel and R. G. Ulrich},
      title        = {{P}ersistence, spillover, and evolution of co-occurring
                      lineages of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.},
      journal      = {Virus evolution},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2057-1577},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Oxford Univ. Press},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-02637},
      pages        = {veaf085},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a neglected
                      zoonotic arenavirus primarily transmitted by house mice (Mus
                      musculus). In humans, LCMV infection can cause encephalitis,
                      meningitis, or severe birth defects. In New World (NW)
                      primates, LCMV causes acute and fatal callitrichid hepatitis
                      (CH). We detected a continuous occurrence of LCMV lineages I
                      and II in the house mouse population of a zoo, with the
                      first occurrence of lineage II in 2014 and lineage I in
                      2021. Although the total LCMV RNA prevalence tended to
                      increase between 2021 and 2023, this was primarily
                      associated with lineage I, while the occurrence of lineage
                      II tended to decrease. Despite both lineages I and II being
                      present in house mice in the same building where NW primates
                      are housed, only lineage II was detected in NW primates with
                      CH, and a wild wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus). Genomic
                      assignment detected exclusively M.m. domesticus ancestry in
                      the house mouse population of the zoo, in keeping with a
                      natural origin of house mice from the study region.
                      Therefore, the origin of lineage I is most likely explained
                      by the occurrence of this house mouse subspecies. The origin
                      and incursion mode of lineage II still remain elusive. The
                      detection of three or four LCMV genome segments in several
                      house mice was interpreted as LCMV co-infections, and the
                      emergence of a reassortant virus containing an S-segment of
                      lineage II and an L-segment of lineage I. Full genome
                      sequences showed limited diversity of the 2014 LCMV
                      sequences from NW primates, consistent with a recent
                      introduction of lineage II. LCMV sequences from 2021 to 2023
                      diverged, not only from those from 2014 but also from each
                      other, which suggests long-term evolution in a large host
                      population and/or potential repeated introductions of LCMV
                      lineage II. In conclusion, the presence of two LCMV lineages
                      within the house mouse population of the zoological garden
                      not only poses a potential health threat for employees and
                      visitors of the zoological garden, and potentially other zoo
                      animals, but also provides a unique opportunity to advance
                      our understanding of arenavirus evolution.},
      keywords     = {LCMV (Other) / callitrichid hepatitis (Other) /
                      co-infection (Other) / evolution (Other) / house mouse
                      (Other) / prevalence (Other) / primates (Other) /
                      reassortment (Other)},
      cin          = {W440},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)W440-20160331},
      pnm          = {319H - Addenda (POF4-319H)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-319H},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41293484},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC12642703},
      doi          = {10.1093/ve/veaf085},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/306598},
}