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@ARTICLE{Hardt:307250,
      author       = {J. Hardt$^*$ and A. A. Pryanichnikov$^*$ and O. Jäkel$^*$
                      and J. Seco$^*$ and N. Wahl$^*$},
      title        = {{H}elium range viability for online range probing in mixed
                      carbon-helium beams.},
      journal      = {Medical physics},
      volume       = {52},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {0094-2405},
      address      = {Hoboken, NJ},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-02943},
      pages        = {e70194},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {#EA:E040#LA:E040#},
      abstract     = {Recently, mixed carbon-helium beams were proposed for range
                      verification in carbon ion therapy: helium, with three times
                      the range of carbon, serves as an online range probe and is
                      mixed into a therapeutic carbon beam.Treatment monitoring is
                      of special interest for lung cancer therapy; however, the
                      helium range might not always be sufficient to exit the
                      patient distally. Therefore, mixed beam use cases of several
                      patient sites are considered.An extension to the open-source
                      planning toolkit, matRad, allows for calculation and
                      optimization of mixed beam treatment plans. The use of the
                      mixed beam method in 15 patients with lung cancer, as well
                      as in a prostate and liver case, for various potential beam
                      configurations was investigated. Planning strategies to
                      optimize the residual helium range considering the sensitive
                      energy range of the imaging detector were developed. A
                      strategy involves adding helium to energies whose range is
                      sufficient. Another one is to use range shifters to increase
                      the beam energy and thus helium range.In most patient cases,
                      the residual helium range of at least one spot is too low.
                      All investigated planning strategies can be used to ensure a
                      high enough helium range while still keeping a low helium
                      dose and a satisfactory total mixed carbon-helium beam dose.
                      The use of range shifters allows for the detection of more
                      spots.The mixed beam method shows promising results for
                      online monitoring. The use of range shifters ensures a high
                      enough helium range and more detectable spots, allowing for
                      a wider-spread application.},
      keywords     = {Helium: therapeutic use / Humans / Carbon: therapeutic use
                      / Heavy Ion Radiotherapy: methods / Radiotherapy Planning,
                      Computer-Assisted: methods / Male / carbon therapy (Other) /
                      helium imaging (Other) / mixed beam (Other) / range shifter
                      (Other) / range verification (Other) / Helium (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Carbon (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {E040 / E041},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E040-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)E041-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41389066},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC12701710},
      doi          = {10.1002/mp.70194},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/307250},
}