000307303 001__ 307303 000307303 005__ 20260212120739.0 000307303 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1002/nbm.70212 000307303 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:41405577 000307303 0247_ $$2pmc$$apmc:PMC12710682 000307303 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0952-3480 000307303 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1099-1492 000307303 037__ $$aDKFZ-2025-02989 000307303 041__ $$aEnglish 000307303 082__ $$a610 000307303 1001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)f8496edd974f8b73073007635054f1ac$$aZhang, Ke$$b0$$eFirst author$$udkfz 000307303 245__ $$aVenous Vessel Size Imaging Derived From A Breath-Hold Task. 000307303 260__ $$aNew York, NY$$bWiley$$c2026 000307303 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000307303 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000307303 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1767798820_3267575 000307303 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000307303 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000307303 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000307303 500__ $$a#EA:E010#LA:E010# / first published: 17 December 2025 000307303 520__ $$aVessel size imaging (VSI) to provide a measure of vessel radius in the brain has been demonstrated using an injection of contrast agent. Venous vessel radius imaging of brain microvasculature is also possible by exploiting hypercapnia and hyperoxia. However, these respiratory challenges need external devices like masks, monitors, and gas application. In this study, we employ a breath-hold task to mimic hypercapnia for venous VSI. Breath-hold experiments of brain scans were performed on 14 subjects on a 3-T scanner. Parametric maps of mean venous vessel radius were calculated from the changes in R2* and R2, ΔR2* and ΔR2, respectively, which were measured by simultaneous acquisition of gradient-echo and spin-echo signals using a spin- and gradient-echo (SAGE) echo-planar imaging sequence. In addition, we numerically simulated the expected transverse relaxation in voxels with different vessel radii based on randomly distributed cylinders to eventually obtain vessel size index q (ΔR2*/ΔR2) and associated average vessel radii. With this empirical relation of vessel size index q and vessel radius, the mean measured vessel size index was determined, and venous vessel radii in breath-hold were found to be 7.18 ± 0.49 μm in gray matter and 6.06 ± 0.22 μm in white matter. This study demonstrates the feasibility of venous VSI using a simple breath-hold task. The approach avoids contrast agents and specialized gas delivery, providing a practical alternative for assessing vascular properties. Our results show good agreement with previous hypercapnia- and contrast-based studies, supporting the validity of this noninvasive method. 000307303 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315$$a315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)$$cPOF4-315$$fPOF IV$$x0 000307303 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef, PubMed, , Journals: inrepo02.dkfz.de 000307303 650_7 $$2Other$$aBOLD 000307303 650_7 $$2Other$$abreath‐hold task 000307303 650_7 $$2Other$$avessel size imaging 000307303 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHumans 000307303 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aBreath Holding 000307303 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMale 000307303 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aFemale 000307303 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAdult 000307303 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aVeins: diagnostic imaging 000307303 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aVeins: anatomy & histology 000307303 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aBrain: blood supply 000307303 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aYoung Adult 000307303 7001_ $$aHahn, Artur$$b1 000307303 7001_ $$00000-0003-2068-1184$$aTriphan, Simon M F$$b2 000307303 7001_ $$aWielpütz, Mark O$$b3 000307303 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)a56941777fbaf0ca1008366e7e16667f$$aZiener, Christian H$$b4$$udkfz 000307303 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)022611a2317e4de40fd912e0a72293a8$$aLadd, Mark E$$b5$$udkfz 000307303 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)3d04c8fee58c9ab71f62ff80d06b6fec$$aSchlemmer, Heinz-Peter$$b6$$udkfz 000307303 7001_ $$aKauczor, Hans-Ulrich$$b7 000307303 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)82090937e7b88ac8ec70bbc40ad6b512$$aSedlaczek, Oliver$$b8$$udkfz 000307303 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)ea7f20e71e3cb1a864c23f2f09f0b0b9$$aKurz, Felix Tobias$$b9$$eLast author$$udkfz 000307303 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2002003-X$$a10.1002/nbm.70212$$gVol. 39, no. 1, p. e70212$$n1$$pe70212$$tNMR in biomedicine$$v39$$x0952-3480$$y2026 000307303 8564_ $$uhttps://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/307303/files/1-s2.0-S0730725X25002620-main.pdf$$yOpenAccess 000307303 8564_ $$uhttps://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/307303/files/1-s2.0-S0730725X25002620-main.pdf?subformat=pdfa$$xpdfa$$yOpenAccess 000307303 909CO $$ooai:inrepo02.dkfz.de:307303$$popenaire$$popen_access$$pVDB$$pdriver$$pdnbdelivery 000307303 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)2036810-0$$6P:(DE-He78)f8496edd974f8b73073007635054f1ac$$aDeutsches Krebsforschungszentrum$$b0$$kDKFZ 000307303 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)2036810-0$$6P:(DE-He78)a56941777fbaf0ca1008366e7e16667f$$aDeutsches Krebsforschungszentrum$$b4$$kDKFZ 000307303 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)2036810-0$$6P:(DE-He78)022611a2317e4de40fd912e0a72293a8$$aDeutsches Krebsforschungszentrum$$b5$$kDKFZ 000307303 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)2036810-0$$6P:(DE-He78)3d04c8fee58c9ab71f62ff80d06b6fec$$aDeutsches Krebsforschungszentrum$$b6$$kDKFZ 000307303 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)2036810-0$$6P:(DE-He78)82090937e7b88ac8ec70bbc40ad6b512$$aDeutsches Krebsforschungszentrum$$b8$$kDKFZ 000307303 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)2036810-0$$6P:(DE-He78)ea7f20e71e3cb1a864c23f2f09f0b0b9$$aDeutsches Krebsforschungszentrum$$b9$$kDKFZ 000307303 9131_ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315$$1G:(DE-HGF)POF4-310$$2G:(DE-HGF)POF4-300$$3G:(DE-HGF)POF4$$4G:(DE-HGF)POF$$aDE-HGF$$bGesundheit$$lKrebsforschung$$vBildgebung und Radioonkologie$$x0 000307303 9141_ $$y2025 000307303 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0200$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bSCOPUS$$d2024-12-12 000307303 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0300$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bMedline$$d2024-12-12 000307303 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0100$$2StatID$$aJCR$$bNMR BIOMED : 2022$$d2024-12-12 000307303 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)3001$$2StatID$$aDEAL Wiley$$d2024-12-12$$wger 000307303 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1030$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bCurrent Contents - Life Sciences$$d2024-12-12 000307303 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0113$$2StatID$$aWoS$$bScience Citation Index Expanded$$d2024-12-12 000307303 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0150$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bWeb of Science Core Collection$$d2024-12-12 000307303 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)9900$$2StatID$$aIF < 5$$d2024-12-12 000307303 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0510$$2StatID$$aOpenAccess 000307303 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0160$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bEssential Science Indicators$$d2024-12-12 000307303 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0420$$2StatID$$aNationallizenz$$d2024-12-12$$wger 000307303 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0199$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bClarivate Analytics Master Journal List$$d2024-12-12 000307303 9202_ $$0I:(DE-He78)E010-20160331$$kE010$$lE010 Radiologie$$x0 000307303 9201_ $$0I:(DE-He78)E010-20160331$$kE010$$lE010 Radiologie$$x0 000307303 9201_ $$0I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331$$kE020$$lE020 Med. 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