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@ARTICLE{RizzoloBrime:307368,
      author       = {L. Rizzolo-Brime and L. Lujan-Barroso and A. Farran-Codina
                      and R. Bou and G. Nicolas and I. Huybrechts and C. Lasheras
                      and E. M. Montes and S. Colorado-Yohar and A. Gasque and C.
                      C. Dahm and N. Bock and A. Olsen and A. Tjønneland and V.
                      Katzke$^*$ and C. le Cornet$^*$ and M. B. Schulze and C.
                      Saieva and S. Sieri and M. S. De Magistris and R. Tumino and
                      A. Macciotta and N. Wareham and E. Weiderpass and C.
                      Chatziioannou and P. Vineis and P. Jakszyn},
      title        = {{D}ietary nitrosyl-heme from processed meats and its
                      association with colorectal cancer risk: findings from the
                      {EPIC} cohort study.},
      journal      = {Nutrition journal},
      volume       = {25},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1475-2891},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {BioMed Central},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2025-03012},
      pages        = {14},
      year         = {2026},
      note         = {Volume 25, article number 14, (2026) / brief report},
      abstract     = {Processed meat (PM) consumption is an established risk
                      factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). It has been hypothesized
                      that nitrosyl-heme, formed by the addition of nitrites
                      during meat processing, may enhance the carcinogenic effects
                      of PMs. This study aims to investigate the association
                      between nitrosyl-heme intake and CRC risk within the
                      European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and
                      Nutrition(EPIC) study.This prospective study included
                      367,463 $participants(70.3\%$ women) from seven countries
                      from the EPIC-study. Dietary data were collected via
                      baseline questionnaires, and nitrosyl-heme exposure was
                      estimated using biochemical data from 52 Spanish PMs,
                      extrapolated to country-specific items. Sex-specific
                      multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios(HRs) and $95\%$
                      confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated using Cox
                      proportional hazards models.Over a 15-year median follow-up,
                      5,115 incident CRC cases were identified. Comparing the
                      highest vs. the lowest sex-specific tertile of nitrosyl-heme
                      intake we found no significant association with CRC risk
                      $(HRT3vsT1:1.01;95\%CI:0.93-1.09).$ Subgroup analyses by
                      tumor subtype and interactions with lifestyle factors also
                      showed no associations.This study offers insights into
                      nitrosyl-heme exposure in European populations but found no
                      link to CRC risk. Further research is needed to understand
                      nitrosyl-heme's role in CRC.},
      keywords     = {Colorectal cancer (Other) / Nitrosyl-heme (Other) /
                      Processed meat (Other)},
      cin          = {C020 / C180},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C180-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41422247},
      doi          = {10.1186/s12937-025-01266-7},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/307368},
}