TY  - JOUR
AU  - Georgi, Julia-Annabell
AU  - Röllig, Christoph
AU  - Schetelig, Johannes
AU  - Thiede, Christian
AU  - Brückmann, Sascha
AU  - Bornhäuser, Martin
AU  - Middeke, Jan Moritz
TI  - Relapse following FLT3 inhibitor cessation in FLT3-ITD-positive AML: lessons from two clinical cases.
JO  - Annals of hematology
VL  - 105
IS  - 3
SN  - 0939-5555
CY  - New York
PB  - Springer
M1  - DKFZ-2026-00288
SP  - 82
PY  - 2026
N1  - #NCTZFB9#
AB  - The clinical success of FLT3 inhibitors has led to their steadily increasing use in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), both in the relapsed/refractory setting and as post-transplant maintenance. Despite their expanding application, there is currently no guidance on the optimal duration of therapy or the feasibility of discontinuation. In the maintenance context, current practice is largely based on trial protocols with predefined treatment periods, yet relapses after cessation have been documented. Similarly, in the relapsed/refractory setting, the management of long-term responders to FLT3-directed monotherapy lacks evidence-based guidance.We report two cases of FLT3-ITD AML patients with relapse after discontinuation of prolonged FLT3 inhibitor therapy, despite sustained remission prior to withdrawal. As such scenarios remain insufficiently characterized in the literature, these case vignettes are presented to highlight the unresolved challenge of defining the appropriate duration of FLT3 inhibitor therapy and to underscore the need for systematic evaluation to establish evidence-based strategies for safe discontinuation or extended administration.
KW  - Humans
KW  - fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3: antagonists & inhibitors
KW  - fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3: genetics
KW  - Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute: drug therapy
KW  - Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute: genetics
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Protein Kinase Inhibitors: administration & dosage
KW  - Protein Kinase Inhibitors: therapeutic use
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Female
KW  - Adult
KW  - FLT3 inhibitor (Other)
KW  - FLT3-ITD AML (Other)
KW  - Gilteritinib (Other)
KW  - Measurable residual disease (MRD) (Other)
KW  - Post-transplant maintenance (Other)
KW  - Relapse (Other)
KW  - fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - FLT3 protein, human (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Protein Kinase Inhibitors (NLM Chemicals)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:41636849
DO  - DOI:10.1007/s00277-026-06776-w
UR  - https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/309656
ER  -