% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Castelli:309671,
      author       = {S. Castelli and F. Schulze and T. M. Thole-Kliesch and K.
                      Astrahantseff and G. Barone and M. Beck-Popovic and P.
                      Berlanga and S. Corbacioglu and M. Fischer and M. Gambart
                      and S. L. George and L. Chesler and J. C. Gray and B. Hero
                      and A. Künkele$^*$ and T. Flaadt and P. Lang and H. N. Lode
                      and J. J. Molenaar and G. Schleiermacher and C. Rosswog and
                      L. Moreno and C. Owens and A. Rubio-San-Simón and J.
                      Schulte$^*$ and T. Simon and D. A. Tweddle and H. E.
                      Deubzer$^*$ and A. Eggert$^*$ and I. SIOPEN New Drug
                      Development},
      collaboration = {R. Groups},
      title        = {{C}urrent treatment strategies for first relapse of
                      high-risk neuroblastoma.},
      journal      = {European journal of cancer},
      volume       = {236},
      issn         = {0959-8049},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2026-00293},
      pages        = {116254},
      year         = {2026},
      note         = {#DKTKZFB26#},
      abstract     = {More than 50 $\%$ of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma
                      (HRNB) will relapse despite intensive multimodal therapy.
                      Most relapses occur within 2 years of diagnosis. Overall
                      survival at relapse is 20 $\%$ at 4 years, but long-term
                      survival can be achieved in a patient subset. A biopsy at
                      relapse with in-depth molecular characterization should now
                      become accepted as standard of care to confirm active
                      neuroblastoma and identify potential targets for
                      biomarker-based targeted therapy or immunotherapy. No clear
                      consensus currently exists about optimal therapy because the
                      field lacks umbrella trials covering all phases of relapse
                      treatment (re-induction, consolidation, maintenance) in a
                      homogenous strategy. Recruitment into clinical trials (e.g.
                      BEACON2) should be prioritized. Current evidence supports
                      starting re-induction therapy with a camptothecin-based
                      chemotherapy regimen combined with monoclonal antibody
                      therapy targeting GD2 or VEGF (or ALK inhibitors if
                      ALK-aberrant) as the first choice. The RIST regimen is a
                      promising first choice for MYCN-amplified disease. After an
                      objective response to re-induction therapy, GD2-directed
                      immunotherapy or cellular therapies harnessing the immune
                      system (haploidentical stem cell transplantation, CAR T
                      cells) are of high interest as a consolidation strategy.
                      Long-term maintenance therapy must be feasible as outpatient
                      treatment, have a low toxicity profile and be well-tolerable
                      to suit patients with relapsed HRNB. For optimal care, new
                      options must be tested as maintenance therapy in randomized
                      trials. The most promising salvage options for patients
                      responding insufficiently to treatment are the chemotherapy
                      combinations, topotecan/vincristine/doxorubicin (TVD),
                      topotecan/cyclophosphamide/etoposide (TCE),
                      ifosfamide/carboplatin/etoposide (ICE) or
                      topotecan/cyclophosphamide (TopoCy), or [131I]-mIBG therapy.
                      Early-phase clinical trials are also a possible option in
                      this setting.},
      subtyp        = {Review Article},
      keywords     = {Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Other) / CAR T cells (Other) /
                      Camptothecins (Other) / Chemoimmunotherapy (Other) /
                      Disialoganglioside GD2 (Other) / Embryonal tumor (Other) /
                      Haplo-SCT (Other) / Molecular tumor board (Other) /
                      Pediatric cancer (Other) / Precision medicine (Other)},
      cin          = {BE01 / TU01},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)BE01-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)TU01-20160331},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41643518},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ejca.2026.116254},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/309671},
}