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@ARTICLE{Mller:310362,
author = {L. Müller and J. N. Kather$^*$ and J. U. Marquardt and M.
Reig and Q. Wang and D. Pinto Dos Santos and R. Kloeckner},
title = {{BCLC} classification and {AI}-based image quantification:
{W}hat is meant to be will come together - but how and
when?: {BCLC} and {AI}-based image quantification.},
journal = {Journal of hepatology},
volume = {nn},
issn = {0168-8278},
address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
publisher = {Elsevier Science},
reportid = {DKFZ-2026-00558},
pages = {nn},
year = {2026},
note = {#NCTZFB9# / epub},
abstract = {The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification has
been the mainstay for prognostic assessment and initial
treatment selection in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for
more than two decades. It is widely clinically accepted and
has been reaffirmed in the recently renewed European
Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) Clinical
Practice Guidelines on the management of HCC. Its design is
based on simple clinical and imaging parameters, which makes
it highly applicable in clinical routine. However, it does
not fully utilize all information, which is potentially
encoded in routine radiology imaging. With artificial
intelligence (AI) methods now maturing, we have a robust way
to extract and quantify digital imaging features fully
automatically without much user input and with high
precision. Therefore, AI could bridge quantitative imaging
into clinical decision-making, together with the existing
BCLC classification. However, despite substantial AI
advancements in many fields such as automated tumor
volumetry, radiomics, detection of metastatic lesions, and
even capturing opportunistic imaging biomarkers, a
translational gap persists. While challenges related to
technical, administrative, and cost-related, but also
training-related factors have to be taken into account, a
certain aversion to change, as well as absence of
standardized AI validation and missing workflow integration
hamper the clinical implementation in routine care. This
article aims to evaluate current AI-quantified imaging
parameters and their potential for synergy with the
established BCLC classification.},
keywords = {Artificial intelligence (Other) / Classification (Other) /
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Other) / Prognosis (Other) /
Quantification (Other)},
cin = {HD02},
ddc = {610},
cid = {I:(DE-He78)HD02-20160331},
pnm = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
pubmed = {pmid:41794137},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhep.2026.02.027},
url = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/310362},
}