Open Access

Reactive carbonyl species contribute to diabetes and its complications, but how the interconnections of carbonyl-detoxifying enzymes regulate metabolic homeostasis through arginine metabolism remains unclear. Here we generate zebrafish lacking both glyoxalase 1 and aldo-keto reductase 1A1A, two major enzymes that detoxify methylglyoxal and acrolein. [...]

Due to rising early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, lowering the starting age for CRC screening is considered in many countries. However, data on diagnostic performance of fecal immunochemical tests (FIT), the most commonly employed CRC screening test, in younger populations remain limited. [...]

The unicellular malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum proliferates within red blood cells of its human host, where it generates approximately 20 new parasites within a two-day developmental cycle. Before cellularization and release of the daughter cells, the nuclei multiply in a shared cytoplasm. [...]

Core binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemias typically harbor the translocations t(8;21) or inv(16). As cohesin mutations are less commonly observed with inv(16) than with t(8;21), we hypothesized that they may negatively impact inv(16)-driven AML. [...]

Pediatric solid high-risk malignancies mostly lack established molecular biomarkers for early detection, minimal residual disease assessment, or treatment monitoring. Challenges include small patient numbers, limited sample volumes, low tumor mutational burden, and few recurrent alterations.Within the multicenter pediatric precision oncology program INFORM, we prospectively collected liquid biopsies from 130 pediatric patients and optimized cell-free DNA isolation and analysis. [...]

Biomarkers are integral to modern breast cancer management by providing essential information for prognosis and treatment selection. This review presents the 2026 update of the recommendations of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (German Gynecological Oncology Group, AGO) on therapy-relevant prognostic and predictive biomarkers. [...]

Aging is a complex multifactorial process that affects cellular function and tissue homeostasis over time. Despite substantial research, the molecular mechanisms driving cellular aging remain poorly understood. [...]

Background and Importance: Congenital encephalocele refers to the protrusion of CNS tissue through a skull defect. As a rare neural tube malformation, clinical evidence is particularly limited for large encephaloceles, and management is subject to ongoing discussions. [...]

Previous studies of risk factors for subsequent soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) among childhood cancer survivors had small numbers and were unable to comprehensively investigate the dose-response relationships with radiation from radiotherapy and with cumulative exposure to specific cytotoxics.We conducted a nested case-control study, encompassing 275 subsequent STS cases and 275 matched controls, within the Pan-European cohort of 69 460 5-year survivors from 12 countries. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for subsequent STS were calculated for different levels of radiation dose to the STS location (in Gy) and for cumulative doses of specific chemotherapeutic agents (in g/m2). [...]

This study aimed to assess cancer prevention literacy (CPL) levels and awareness of the European Code Against Cancer (ECAC) among the adult population in the European Union (EU), as well as identify social determinants associated with CPL. A cross-sectional study was conducted (February-March 2024) via an online survey across 23 EU-countries (n = 2312). [...]