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@MASTERSTHESIS{Espinha:177456,
      author       = {C. Espinha$^*$},
      title        = {{A} {C}omputational {M}odel for {R}adiotherapy
                      {S}tudieswith {P}roton and {C}arbon ion {M}ini-{B}eams},
      school       = {IST, University of Lisbon},
      type         = {Masterarbeit},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2021-02548},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {Corresponding author: J. Seco; Masterarbeit, IST,
                      University of Lisbon, 2021},
      abstract     = {The technological developments play an important role in
                      the improvement of cancer therapy.Radiation-therapy is
                      rapidly evolving field, used as a form of treatment for as
                      many as half the cancerpatients [1].Mini-Beam radiotherapy
                      (MBRT) is a developing new technique that has been
                      investigated withboth x-rays and proton beams and has shown
                      good results in reducing the side effects in the
                      tissuessurrounding the carcinogenic cells. MBRT has been
                      investigated at two different spatial scales, bothmini and
                      micro scale. In this thesis, we will only focus on mini-beam
                      radiotherapy.MBRT uses a spatial pattern of high-dose
                      beamlets alternating with low-dose valleys. The
                      setuputilizes arrays of parallel thin radiation planes
                      separated by short distances. This way, the reductionof the
                      side effects in the organs at risk is not achieved by
                      reducing their integral dose, but due toa differential
                      response of normal and tumor tissues to the radiation
                      delivered with a well definedspatial fractionation [2].The
                      beam setup of MBRT allows the physical dose delivered in the
                      valleys to be small comparedto the average dose delivered in
                      the tumor which leads to a significant part of the tumor
                      volume to beunder-dosed. Some studies proposed that the
                      tumor control is a consequence of the level of
                      reactiveoxygen species in the cells, more precisely from
                      some of the products of water radiolysis.In this work the
                      behaviour of the products of radiolysis using TOPAs-nBio is
                      studied to evaluatethe effects in the micro scale. This
                      study consists in two phases: first the analysis of the
                      G-valueevolution with time and then the analysis of the
                      diffusion of some water radiolysis products.Furthermore, a
                      TOPAS calibration was performed both for protons and carbon
                      ions to understandthe precision of the TOPAS results and
                      also to prepare a base for future comparisons with
                      clinicalresults},
      cin          = {E041},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E041-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)19},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/177456},
}