% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Sha:182025,
      author       = {S. Sha$^*$ and T. M. N. Nguyen$^*$ and S. Kuznia$^*$ and T.
                      Niedermaier$^*$ and A. Zhu$^*$ and H. Brenner$^*$ and B.
                      Schöttker$^*$},
      title        = {{R}eal-world evidence for the effectiveness of vitamin {D}
                      supplementation in reduction of total and cause-specific
                      mortality.},
      journal      = {Journal of internal medicine},
      volume       = {293},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {0001-6101},
      address      = {Oxford [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2022-02367},
      pages        = {384-397},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {#EA:C070#LA:C070# / 2023 Mar;293(3):384-397},
      abstract     = {Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
                      demonstrated the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for
                      reduced cancer mortality, all-cause mortality, and
                      respiratory tract infections. However, whether and to what
                      extent this translates into effectiveness in real-world
                      practice is unknown.We assessed the association of vitamin D
                      supplements use (as an over-the-counter drug or as part of a
                      multivitamin product), vitamin D deficiency
                      (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) < 30 nmol/L) and
                      insufficiency (25(OH)D 30-<50 nmol/L) with all-cause and
                      cause-specific mortality in 445,601 participants, aged 40-73
                      years, from the UK Biobank $cohort.4.3\%$ and further
                      $20.4\%$ of the study participants reported regularly taking
                      vitamin D or multivitamin supplements, respectively. Still,
                      the majority had either vitamin D deficiency $(21.0\%)$ or
                      insufficiency $(34.3\%).$ We detected 49 independent
                      determinants of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D
                      supplement use and used them to adjust Cox regression models
                      for all mortality outcomes. 29,107 $(6.5\%)$ participants
                      died during a median follow-up time of 11.8 years. Both
                      vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were strongly
                      associated with all mortality outcomes. Self-reported
                      vitamin D supplements use $(83\%$ $over-the-counter/17\%$
                      prescription drugs) and multivitamin intake were
                      significantly associated with $10\%$ and $5\%$ lower
                      all-cause mortality, respectively. Furthermore, regular
                      vitamin D supplement users had $11\%,$ $11\%$ and $29\%$
                      lower cancer, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease
                      mortality than non-users, respectively (not significant for
                      cardiovascular disease mortality).This large study suggests
                      that in the real world, the efficacy of vitamin D
                      supplements in reducing mortality may be at least as good as
                      observed in RCTs. This article is protected by copyright.
                      All rights reserved.},
      keywords     = {Vitamin D (Other) / cancer (Other) / cohort study (Other) /
                      dietary supplement (Other) / mortality (Other)},
      cin          = {C070 / C120 / HD01},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C120-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)HD01-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:36208176},
      doi          = {10.1111/joim.13578},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/182025},
}