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@ARTICLE{Meyer:182101,
      author       = {A. Meyer and C. Dong and C. Casagrande and S. Chan and I.
                      Huybrechts and G. Nicolas and F. Rauber and R. B. Levy and
                      C. Millett and B. Oldenburg and E. Weiderpass and A. K.
                      Heath and T. Y. Tong and A. Tjønneland and C. Kyrø and R.
                      Kaaks$^*$ and V. A. Katzke$^*$ and M. M. Bergman and D.
                      Palli and G. Masala and R. Tumino and C. Sacerdote and S. M.
                      Colorado-Yohar and M.-J. Sánchez and O. Grip and S.
                      Lindgren and R. Luben and M. J. Gunter and Y. Mahamat-Saleh
                      and M.-C. Boutron-Ruault and F. Carbonnel},
      title        = {{F}ood processing and risk of {C}rohn's disease and
                      ulcerative colitis: {A} {E}uropean {P}rospective {C}ohort
                      {S}tudy.},
      journal      = {Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology},
      volume       = {21},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {1542-3565},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2022-02419},
      pages        = {1607-1616.e6},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {2023 Jun;21(6):1607-1616.e6},
      abstract     = {Industrial foods have been associated with increased risks
                      of several chronic conditions. We investigated the relation
                      between degree of food processing, and risks of Crohn's
                      disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in the European
                      Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
                      cohort.Analyses included 413,590 participants $(68.6\%$
                      women; mean baseline age 51.7 years) from eight European
                      countries. Dietary data were collected at baseline from
                      validated country-specific dietary questionnaires.
                      Associations between proportions of unprocessed/minimally
                      processed foods and of ultra-processed foods intake, and CD
                      and UC risks were estimated using Cox models to obtain
                      Hazards Ratios (HRs) and $95\%$ confidence intervals
                      $(95\%CIs).$ Models were stratified by centre, age, and sex,
                      and adjusted for smoking status, BMI, physical activity,
                      energy intake, educational level, and alcohol
                      consumption.During a mean follow-up of 13.2 years, 179
                      incident cases of CD and 431 incident cases of UC were
                      identified. The risk of CD was lower in people consuming
                      high proportions of unprocessed/minimally processed foods
                      (adjusted HR for the highest vs. lowest quartile: 0.57
                      $(95\%CI:$ 0.35-0.93; P-trend<0.01); particularly fruits and
                      vegetables (adjusted HRs 0.54; $95\%CI:$ 0.34-0.87 and 0.55;
                      $95\%CI:$ 0.34-0.91, respectively)). There was no
                      association between unprocessed/minimally processed food
                      intake and the risk of UC. No association was detected
                      between ultra-processed foods consumption and CD or UC
                      risks.In the EPIC cohort, consumption of
                      unprocessed/minimally processed foods was associated with a
                      lower risk of CD. No association between UC risk and food
                      processing was found.},
      keywords     = {Crohn’s disease (Other) / EPIC (Other) / food processing
                      (Other) / ulcerative colitis (Other)},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:36243353},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.cgh.2022.09.031},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/182101},
}