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@ARTICLE{Aglago:267530,
      author       = {E. K. Aglago and A. J. Cross and E. Riboli and V. Fedirko
                      and D. J. Hughes and A. Fournier and P. Jakszyn and H.
                      Freisling and M. J. Gunter and C. C. Dahm and K. Overvad and
                      A. Tjønneland and C. Kyrø and M.-C. Boutron-Ruault and J.
                      A. Rothwell and G. Severi and V. Katzke$^*$ and B. Srour$^*$
                      and M. B. Schulze and C. Wittenbecher and D. Palli and S.
                      Sieri and F. Pasanisi and R. Tumino and F. Ricceri and B.
                      Bueno-de-Mesquita and J. W. G. Derksen and G. Skeie and T.
                      E. Jensen and M. Lukic and M.-J. Sánchez and P. Amiano and
                      S. Colorado-Yohar and A. Barricarte and U. Ericson and B.
                      van Guelpen and K. Papier and A. Knuppel and C. Casagrande
                      and I. Huybrechts and A. K. Heath and K. K. Tsilidis and M.
                      Jenab},
      title        = {{D}ietary intake of total, heme and non-heme iron and the
                      risk of colorectal cancer in a {E}uropean prospective cohort
                      study.},
      journal      = {British journal of cancer},
      volume       = {128},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {0007-0920},
      address      = {Edinburgh},
      publisher    = {Nature Publ. Group},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2023-00308},
      pages        = {1529-1540},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {2023 Apr;128(8):1529-1540},
      abstract     = {Iron is an essential micronutrient with differing intake
                      patterns and metabolism between men and women. Epidemiologic
                      evidence on the association of dietary iron and its heme and
                      non-heme components with colorectal cancer (CRC) development
                      is inconclusive.We examined baseline dietary
                      questionnaire-assessed intakes of total, heme, and non-heme
                      iron and CRC risk in the EPIC cohort. Sex-specific
                      multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and $95\%$
                      confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using Cox
                      regression. We modelled substitution of a 1 mg/day of heme
                      iron intake with non-heme iron using the leave one-out
                      method.Of 450,105 participants (318,680 women) followed for
                      14.2 ± 4.0 years, 6162 (3511 women) developed CRC. In men,
                      total iron intake was not associated with CRC risk (highest
                      vs. lowest quintile, HRQ5vs.Q1:0.88; $95\%CI:0.73,$ 1.06).
                      An inverse association was observed for non-heme iron
                      (HRQ5vs.Q1:0.80, $95\%CI:0.67,$ 0.96) whereas heme iron
                      showed a non-significant association (HRQ5vs.Q1:1.10;
                      $95\%CI:0.96,$ 1.27). In women, CRC risk was not associated
                      with intakes of total (HRQ5vs.Q1:1.11, $95\%CI:0.94,$ 1.31),
                      heme (HRQ5vs.Q1:0.95; $95\%CI:0.84,$ 1.07) or non-heme iron
                      (HRQ5vs.Q1:1.03, $95\%CI:0.88,$ 1.20). Substitution of heme
                      with non-heme iron demonstrated lower CRC risk in men
                      (HR:0.94; $95\%CI:$ 0.89, 0.99).Our findings suggest
                      potential sex-specific CRC risk associations for higher iron
                      consumption that may differ by dietary sources.},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:36759722},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41416-023-02164-7},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/267530},
}